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A-Level Sociology - Family > 4 - Childhood > Flashcards

4 - Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two key features of childhood according to Wyness? Describe them

A

Childhood and adult hood are achromous. They gradually acquire culture and the ability to socialise

Children are not seen as entities in their own right but incomplete beings. Adults are fully constitutes social beings

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2
Q

Wyness AO3

A

If biological, then everyone should pass through them at the same rate

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3
Q

Define social construction

A

The ideas about childhood are created by society, rather than being determined by the biological age of a child

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4
Q

What does Wagg say about childhood?

A

There is no single childhood experienced by all

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5
Q

What is childhood like in the west?

A

Special and innocent. Physically immature. Experience socialisation and nurture

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6
Q

Who talked about childhood in Australia? Describe it.

A

Benedict - Native Australians weren’t discouraged from playing sexual games

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7
Q

Who talked about childhood in Bolivia? Describe it.

A

Punch - Children over 5 expected to take work responsibilities

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8
Q

Who talked about childhood in Western Pacific Describe it.

A

Firth - A child doing what an adult says isn’t something to be granted.

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9
Q

Who says that Asian parents are stricter on girls?

A

Brannen

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10
Q

Who is the main person in Childhood?

A

Aries

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11
Q

What is childhood like in pre-industrial society?

A

Wasn’t protected or special. Treated as mini-adults

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12
Q

2 reasons why childhood is different in pre-industrial society (Aries)

A

High level of infant mortality

Financial reasons - work for family so economic potential

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13
Q

3 laws that protected childhoos

A

UN convention of the rights of a child
Compulsory education
Children’s act - investigate if suffering

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14
Q

4 ways society is child-centered

A

Baby food
Baby clothes
Flexible working
Baby classes

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15
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of childhood according to Cunningham? Describe them

A

Children are different from adults - physically and psychologically immature. Seen as vulnerable, not mini-adults

Childhood and adulthood are opposites - childhood lacks individuality, morality and maturity

Regarded as separate - distinct stage of life and need protection

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16
Q

What does Pilcher say about childhood?

A

Children are separate to adults as they have a different set of rights and responsibilities

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17
Q

How does Pollock criticise Aries?

Pollock AO3

A

He used paintings - only MC/UC could afford to be painted so not representative.

Can’t do primary research and is is valid

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18
Q

Aries AO3 - Concept

A

Childhood is very different globally

19
Q

4 reasons for the change of position of childhood

A

Children protection laws
Compulsory education
Decline infant mortality
Contraception

20
Q

What does Jenks believe?

A

Childhood is different between cultures but it is constantly changing. Society is being more child-centred

21
Q

Who believes that childhood differs between different cultures and it is changing?

A

Jenks

22
Q

Who is Shorter?

A

Functionalist

23
Q

What does Shorter believe?

A

Childhood has a functional fit with the economy

24
Q

Who argues that childhood is oppressive and people want to escape it

A

Hockey and James

25
Q

What do children liberationists belive?

A

Laws oppress children

26
Q

What does Gittens belive?

A

Adults force children to depend on them so they can maintain authority. Called age patriarchy

27
Q

Who argues that children today are too privileged?

A

Phillips

28
Q

4 ways adults make children depend on them

A

Resources - limited access to money
Space - regulate movement
Time - control TV, sleep
Bodies - How to sit, walk

29
Q

The idea of parenting has been distorted by ………. …….

A

Liberal ideas

30
Q

Describe the two trends Phillips argues undermined childhood

A

The idea of parenting has been distorted by liberal ideas as children have too many rights and powers

Media and peer group have been more influential than parents

31
Q

Does Furedi support Phillips? Why?

A

Yes - era of paranoid parenting and over-exaggerating threats children face

32
Q

Marxists argue that the experience of childhood differs depending on …………………

A

Social class

33
Q

Which 2 people talk about social class and childhood. What did they say?

A

Howard - WC households more likely to neglect kids

Woodroffe - WC mothers have less heavy babies (delayed physical and mental development)

34
Q

Which 2 people talk about ethnic differences and childhood. What did they say?

A

Brannen - Asian parents are stricter with girls than with boys

Bhatti - Izzat (family honour) impacts children’s experiences

35
Q

Which 2 people talk about gender differences and childhood. What did they say?

A

Hillman et al - Boys could stay out after dark but girls have to have a bedroom culture(less freedom)

Firestone - childhood hasn’t improved as there is still inequality between adults and children

36
Q

What does Postman argue?

A

Childhood is quickly disappearing (mainly TV as no socialisation and false ides of reality)

37
Q

Who argues that childhood is changing, not disappearing?

A

Opie

38
Q

Who created the idea of Toxic Childhood?

A

Palmer

39
Q

What does Palmer say about technology?

A

Beneficial as enrich our lives

Negative as parents use them as an alternate to parenting

40
Q

What does Lee think about childhood?

A

Childhood is complex and ambiguous

41
Q

What is pester power? Who talks about it?

A

Pugh - Children manipulate their parents to spend money. Parents spend money as they feel guilty about not spending time with them

42
Q

What did Evans and Chandler find about consumption?

A

Peer pressure is important for consumption

43
Q

AO3 - Palmer

A

Womack - childhood is only toxic and disappearing for poor children

A-Level Sociology - Family (12 decks)

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