4-CHROMOSOMES Flashcards
(15 cards)
Proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes, helping in packaging DNA into chromatin.
Histones
The basic unit of DNA packaging, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around histone proteins.
Nucleosome
A less condensed form of chromatin that is transcriptionally active.
Euchromatin
A tightly packed form of chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive.
Heterochromatin
The region of a chromosome that links sister chromatids and is essential for proper segregation during cell division.
Centromere
Repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration.
Telomere
The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, leading to aneuploidy.
Non-disjunction
An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, often caused by non-disjunction.
Aneuploidy
The condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
Polyploidy
A type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of a chromosome is missing.
Deletion
A mutation where a segment of a chromosome is copied and inserted into the same chromosome.
Duplication
A mutation where a chromosome segment breaks off, flips around, and reattaches.
Inversion
A chromosomal mutation involving the transfer of a segment from one chromosome to another.
Translocation
The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Synapsis
The point where crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Chiasma
