4. Circulation

Question 1

this system is an internal transport system

Answer 1

circulatory system

Question 2

are microscopic blood vessels

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

cnidarian and flatworms have ___

Answer 3

gastrovascular cavity

Question 4

as multicellular animals evolved, becoming larger more complex, and having higher metabolic needs, their surface are to volume ratio INCREASE OR DECREASE

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

in this system, fluid is not always confined within vessels

Answer 5

open circulatory systems

Question 6

what is not confined in an open circulatory system?

Answer 6

fluid

Question 7

what is the fluid called in an open circular system?

Answer 7

hemolymph

Question 8

where is open circulatory system found?

Answer 8

in arthropods and mollusks

Question 9

hemolymph is returned to the heart via ______?

Answer 9

pores

Question 10

in closed circulatory system, what is confined to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid

Answer 10

blood

Question 11

in a closed circulatory system. a heart pumps blood through the _____ to the ______

Answer 11

arteries; capillaries

Question 12

give an advantage of closed circular system over open circulatory system

Answer 12

blood flows faster
can selectively direct blood to specific tissues
can support higher levels of metabolic activity

Question 13

what type of tissue is blood

Answer 13

fluid connective tissue

Question 14

what hormone stimulates RBC production

Answer 14

erythropoietin

Question 15

they originate from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

Answer 15

RBC

Question 16

the most abundant blood cell

Answer 16

RBC

Question 17

what is lacking in mammals’ red blood cells

Answer 17

nuclei and mitochondria

Question 18

you make the antibodies to the antigen you don’t have

Answer 18

true

Question 19

the clumping of particles together, occurs when incompatible antigen-antibody reaction

Answer 19

agglutination

Question 20

blood vessel injury leads to a chain of reactions

Answer 20

fibrin

Question 21

give the order process of blood clotting

Answer 21

platelets adhere, platelet plug forms, fibrin clot forms

Question 22

what are the 3 layers that arteries and veins made of

Answer 22

endothelium, smooth muscle, connective tissue

Question 23

why do veins have valves

Answer 23

to prevent backflow

Question 24

are thin walls formed by a single layer of epithelial cells

Answer 24

capillaries

Question 25

it is specialized for chemical exchange

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

is the force blood exerts on the blood vessel walls

Answer 26

blood pressure

Question 27

formula for blood pressure

Answer 27

BP= CO times R

Question 28

does blood pressure decreases or increases as blood moves away from the heart

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

where is blood pressure the highest? lowest?

Answer 29

arteries; veins

Question 30

how is blood pressure measured as?

Answer 30

systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 31

this is caused by contraction of the ventricles

Answer 31

systolic pressure

Question 32

this is the low pressure between contractions

Answer 32

diastolic pressure

Question 33

what sends signals to the effectors

Answer 33

medulla oblongata

Question 35

when blood pressure is constantly at or above 140/90, what happens?

Answer 35

hypertension

Question 36

what are the effects of hypertension

Answer 36

increase the risk of blood clot formation heart attacks, kidney failure, strokes

Question 37

what is the double-walled fibrous sac in the heart

Answer 37

pericardium