3. Gas Exchange

Question 1

What do cells continually release?j

Answer 1

O2 and CO2

Question 2

Why do our cells need 02?

Answer 2

for cellular respiration in making ATP

Question 3

it is designed for gas exchange between an organism and its enviroment

Answer 3

respiratory system

Question 4

this transports gases in the blood

Answer 4

circulatory system

Question 5

are cell surfaces where O2 diffuses in and CO2 diffuses out

Answer 5

respiratory surface

Question 6

in cell surfaces, what is diffused in? diffused out?

Answer 6

O2 in, CO2 out

Question 7

what are the requirements for a respiratory surface. It must be?

Answer 7

moist, thin, high surface area

Question 8

if respiratory surface is thin, what is facilitated?

Answer 8

diffusion

Question 9

if a respiratory surface has a high surface area, what does it contribute?

Answer 9

efficient exchange of gas

Question 10

what body part do fish and aquatic amphibians use in gas exchange?

Answer 10

gills

Question 11

for animals that are wet and small, what is used for gas exchange in animals?

Answer 11

entire outer skin

Question 12

what kind of animals that uses their entire outer skis for gas exchange? give examples

Answer 12

wet and small (earthworms and flatworms)

Question 13

what body part do ANTHROPODS use in gas exchange?

Answer 13

tracheal system

Question 14

what body part do TETRAPODS (amphibians, reptiles, mammals) use in gas exchange?

Answer 14

lungs

Question 15

they use small lungs and their body surfaces for gas exchange

Answer 15

amphibians

Question 16

reptiles have LOWER or HIGHER metabolic rates

Answer 16

lower

Question 17

reptiles have COMPLEX or SIMPLE lungs

Answer 17

simpler

Question 18

birds and mammals have HIGHER or LOWER metabolic rates

Answer 18

HIGHER

Question 19

birds and mammals have MORE COMPLEX or SIMPLER lungs

Answer 19

MORE COMPLEX

Question 20

Three phases of gas exchange in order

Answer 20

breathing, transport o2 and co2 in blood, exchange of gases in body cell

Question 21

how is air inhaled in mammals. there are two ways

Answer 21

mouth into the oral cavity
nostrils into the nasal cavity

Question 22

from the nasal cavity, air next passes to the….

Answer 22

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 23

are grape-like clusters of air sacs where gas exchange occurs

Answer 23

alveoli

Question 24

the thinnest blood vessel

Answer 24

capillaries

Question 25

in alveoli, is o2 diffused into or out of the blood

Answer 25

into

Question 26

in alveoli, is co2 diffused into or out of the blood

Answer 26

out

Question 27

why is alveoli important for exhalation

Answer 27

because of its elasticity

Question 28

smoking causes the breakdown of alveolar walls? this is called?

Answer 28

emphysema

Question 29

what is an emphysema

Answer 29

breakdown of alveolar walls

Question 30

what is the worst air pollutant

Answer 30

tobacco smoke

Question 31

what do you call are the cancer causing chemicals in tobacco smoke

Answer 31

carcinogens

Question 33

are specialized secretions required to keep the walls of the small alveoli from sticking shut

Answer 33

surfactants

Question 34

what syndrome do babies born 6 weeks or more before their due date they often struggle with

Answer 34

neonatal respiratory syndrome

Question 35

what are now administered to premature babies

Answer 35

artificial surfactants

Question 36

the result of muscular contractions by diaphragm and rib muscles

Answer 36

inhalation

Question 37

during inhalation, is there an INCREASE or DECREASE in the volume of the chest cavity

Answer 37

INCREASE

Question 38

inhalation is relaxation or contraction

Answer 38

contraction

Question 39

exhalation is contraction or relaxation

Answer 39

relaxation

Question 40

during exhalation, is there an INCREASE or DECREASE in the volume of the chest cavity

Answer 40

DECREASE

Question 41

what system controls breathing

Answer 41

autonomic nervous system

Question 42

a rise in co2 levels causes a drop in pH? TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 42

true

Question 43

CO2 levels in the blood doesn’t affect the blood pH. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 43

FALSEA (it affects)

Question 44

breathing control centers in the brain. in which exact parts?

Answer 44

pons and medulla

Question 45

what is responsible for gas transport in humans?

Answer 45

cardiovascular system

Question 46

the right sight side of the heart pumps _____ to the ____

Answer 46

oxygen-poor blood; lungs

Question 47

the left side of the heart pumps _____ to the _____

Answer 47

oxygen-rich blood; body

Question 48

in the lungs, what is picked up and what is dropped off?

Answer 48

o2, co2

Question 49

in the body tissues, what is picked up and what is dropped off?

Answer 49

co2; o2

Question 50

how do gases move? what process is it called?

Answer 50

diffusion

Question 51

gases move by diffusion. from areas of higher to lower concentration or lower to higher areas of concentration

Answer 51

higher to lower

Question 52

gases in the alveoli of the lungs have (more or less) O2 and (more or less) CO2 than gases in the blood

Answer 52

more O2; less CO2

Question 53

the tissues have (more or less) CO2 and (more or less) O2 than gases in the blood

Answer 53

more CO2; less O2

Question 54

is oxygen very soluble in water?

Answer 54

Not very soluble

Question 55

O2 diffuses from alveoli into the blood and then into the ________ where it binds _____

Answer 55

RBC; hemoglobin

Question 56

this is a protein found in very high levels in RBC

Answer 56

hemoglobin

Question 57

has 4 polypeptide chains and iron-containing heme groups

Answer 57

Hemoglobin