4- CNS Pharmacology

Question 1

GABAa receptor activation leads to ?

Answer 1

Increased Cl influx

Question 2

GABAb activation leads to ?

Answer 2

Increased K efflux

Question 3

BZ1 receptor mediates what ?

Answer 3

Sedation

Question 4

BZ2 receptor mediates what ?

Answer 4

Antianxiety and impairment of cognitive function

Question 5

Withdrawal signs of BZs ?

Answer 5

Rebound insomnia
Anxiety
Seizures when BZs were used as antiepileptic or in high doses

Question 6

Withdrawal signs of barbiturates and ethanol ?

Answer 6

Anxiety
Agitation
Life threatening seizures

Question 7

Examples for BZ1 agonists ?

Answer 7

Zolpidem

Zaleplon

Question 8

Buspiron mechanism of action ?

Answer 8

5-HT1a partial agonist

Question 9

Effects of increased oxalic acid ?

Answer 9

CNS depression
Severe metabolic acidosis
Nephrotoxicity

Question 10

Effects of increased formic acid ?

Answer 10

Respiratory failure
Severe anion gab metabolic acidosis
Ocular damage

Question 11

Drugs that cause disulfiram-like effects ?

Answer 11

Metronidazole

Griseofulvin

Question 12

Selective NE reuptake inhibitor ?

Answer 12

Atomoxetine

Question 13

COMT inhibitors ?

Answer 13

Tolcapone

Entacapone

Question 14

Selegiline metabolized to ? Causing ?

Answer 14

Amphetamine causing insomnia

Question 15

DA receptor agonists ?

Answer 15

Pramipexole
Ropinirole
Bromocriptine

Question 16

Side effects of thioridazine ?

Answer 16

Cardiotoxicity

Retinal deposits

Question 17

Side effects of Clozapine ?

Answer 17

Agranulocytosis
Increased salivation ( wet pillow syndrome )
Seizures

Question 18

Side effects of Nitrous oxide as anesthetics ?

Answer 18

Diffusional hypoxia

Spontaneous abortions

Question 19

Mechanism of action of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin ?

Answer 19

Block activated Na channels

Decrease Na influx

Question 20

Mechanism of action of Ciguatoxin and Batrachotoxin ?

Answer 20

Bind to activated Na channels —>
Cause inactivation —>
Prolong Na influx

Question 21

Atracurium is inactivated to ? Which may cause ?

Answer 21

Laudanosine which may cause seizures

Question 22

Contraindications for opioids ?

Answer 22

Head injury 
Pulmonary dysfunction ( except pulmonary edema ) 
Hepatic / renal dysfunction 
Adrenal or thyroid deficiencies 
Pregnancy ( except meperidine )

Question 23

Metabolite of meperidine ? Its action ?

Answer 23

Normeperedine

Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 24

Opioids that are full agonists ?

Answer 24

Meperidine
Methadone
Codeine

Question 25

Opioids that are mixed agonist antagonist ?

Answer 25

Nalbuphine | Pentazocine

Question 26

Opioids that are antagonists ?

Answer 26

Naloxone Naltrexone Methylnaltrexone

Question 27

Use of methylnaltrexone ?

Answer 27

Ttt of opioid induced constipation ( doesnot cross bbb and wont precipitate withdrawal )

Question 28

Use of Dextromethorphan ?

Answer 28

Ttt pf cough

Question 29

Withdrawal symptoms of opioid analgesics ?

Answer 29

Yawning Lacrimation , rhinorrhea , salivation Muscle cramps , spasms , CNS-originating pain

Question 30

PCP mechanism of action ?

Answer 30

NMDA-receptor antagonist

Question 31

Ketamine mechanism of action ?

Answer 31

Glutamate receptor antagonist

Question 32

GABAb receptor agonist ?

Answer 32

Baclofen