4 - Energy and Matter Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to effect a change in matter. It can also be defined as the ability or capacity to perform work.
EX: Heat
What is Matter?
Matter is the building blocks of the universe. Everything we can touch is made up of matter. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
EX: Deez nuts
What is Potential Energy?
Potential energy is stored energy.
Examples of potential energy are water behind a dam, electrical energy in a batter, and a suspended weight that can fall or drop.
What is Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic energy is energy doing work.
Examples are water flowing over a dam, a battery lighting a bulb, and a falling weight.
What is stated under the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another.
EX: Liquid water absorbing heat to vaporize into a gas, then rejecting heat energy to the surrounding air to condense back into a liquid.
What is weight?
Weight is the gravitational force exerted by the earth on an object. USA uses the US Customary units of weight: Ounce, Pound, and Ton.
What is mass?
Mass is the quantity of material within a material regardless of weight.
EX: The amount of iron in one 1”^3 of iron
What is the conversion rate of one pound to one kilogram?
2.2 lb = 1 Kg
What is density?
Density is a substance’s mass per unit of volume. This refers to the amount of a substance within a given amount of space.
What is Avogadro’s Law?
This states that at equal pressures and temperatures, a specific number of molecules of one gas will take up the same space as the same number of gas molecules of a different gas, regardless of mass.
What is Specific volume?
In order to compensate for the volume differences between different gasses due to different masses, we use a measurement called specific volume. This is the volume of a specific amount of gas under standard conditions, which is 68F/20C and 14.7 psia/101.3kPa)
Ex: (Specific volumes of 1kg)
- Dry, clean air = 0.849 m^3
- Hydrogen = 11.17 m^3
If a gas has a greater specific volume than air, the gas is called a light gas. If it occupies more, it is classified as a heavy gas.
Specific volume can be conceptualized as a the inverse of density. The higher a specific volume, the lower its density.
What is Specific gravity?
Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a certain volume of a liquid or a solid compared to the mass of an equal volume of water, which has a specific gravity of one. Objects with a lesser SG than one will float on water, objects with a greater value will sink.
What is Relative Density?
Relative density is defined as the ratio of the mass of a certain volume of a gas as compared to the mass of an equal volume of hydrogen.
What is Force?
Force is energy applied to matter that, unless counteracted by opposing forces, causes a change in the matter’s velocity.
FORMULA: Force = Mass X Acceleration due to gravity
What is Work?
Work is force multiplied by the distance through which it travels. The US Customary unit of work is called the foot-pound. This is the amount of work done in lifting a 1-lb weight a vertical distance of 1 ft.
FORMULA: Work = Force X Distance
EX: Calculation for lifting a weight of 2,000 lb a vertical distance of 10’
20,000 ftlb = 2,000lb X 10’
What is Power?
Power is the rate at which work is performed. The US Customary unit of mechanical power is horsepower.
CONVERSION: 1 hp = 550 ft-lb/s
FORMULA: Power = Work/Time
EX: A 2000 lb weight is lifted 10’ in two minutes
166.7 ft-lb/s = 20,000 ft-lb / 120 s
What is heat?
Heat is a form of energy that results in the motion of atoms. As the motion of atoms increased, so does heat. Heat always travels from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature. Adding heat in a substance may greatly affect the nature of the substance. For example, heat causes most substances to expand; .
What is cold?
Cold means low temperature or lack of heat. Cold is the result of removing heat. A refrigerator produces cold b drawing away heat from the inside of the refrigerator cabinet.
What is temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the heat intensity or heat level of a substance.
What are the freezing and boiling temperatures of water for Fahrenheit and Celsius?
Fahrenheit: (Freezing: 32F, Boiling: 212F) Celsius: (Freezing: 0C, Boiling: 100C)
What is the conversion formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit and vise versa?
F = 9/5 X C + 32
C = (F - 32) X 5/9
What is Ambient Temperature?
Ambient temperature is the temperature of the air surrounding an object.
What is specific heat capacity?
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat added or released to change the temperature of one pound of a substance by 1F.
What is a BTU?
BTU stands for British Thermal Unit. It is the US Customary unit of heat, and defines the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1F.
