4- Formation of Identity & Personality Flashcards
(50 cards)
Freud
- Identity & Personality
- Psychosexual development
- In early life, you have experiences which relate to bodily functions
- everything is a result of your inner drives & childhood
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Freud- psychoanalyst
But Frasier = psychoanalyst- everything result of inner drives, may be childhood
- As you’re growing, you experience bodily functions in a variety of ways, and if you don’t resolve some associated stresses/tensions, you can become fixated
- if you don’t succeed at one of these stages, you stop
Oral
0-1 years of age
breastfeeding
fixated = dependency
Anal
1-3 y/o
toilet training
fixation = excessive messiness or orderliness/anal retentiveness
Phallic
- 3-5 y/o
- penis
- Oedipus/electra- sexual desire of parent, jealous of other; fear castration as male, want penis as female, envious of penises
Latency
- Libido is sublimated
- 5-puberty
Genital
- puberty+
- if everything before is resolved, we will engage in normal, heterosexual relationships
Erikson- 8 Psychosocial conflicts
1) Trust vs mistrust
2) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
3) Initiative vs Guilt
4) Industry vs Inferiority
5) Identity vs Role confusion
6) Intimacy vs Isolation
7) Gererativity vs Stagnation
8) Integrity vs Despair
- At every stage of life, we have an existential question we are trying to resolve
- Unlike Freud, you don’t get stuck at a stage, you may just have more baggage
Erikson #1- Trust vs Mistrust
- 0-1 y/o
- Can I trust the world?
Erikson #2- Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
- 1-3 y/o
- Is it okay to be me?
Erikson #3- Initiative vs Guilt
- 3-6 y/o
- is it okay for me to do, move, and act?
Erikson #4- Industry vs Inferiority
- 6-12 y/o
- Can I make it in the world of people and things?
Erikson #5- Identity vs Role confusion
- 12-20 y/o
- Who am I? What can I be?
Erikson #6- Intimacy vs Isolation
- 20-40 y/o
- Can I love?
Erikson #7- Gererativity vs Stagnation
- 40-65 y/o
- Can I make my life count?
Erikson #8- Integrity vs Despair
- 65+ y/o
- Was my life well-lived?
Kohlberg- Moral Reasoning
- Kohlberg = moral reasoning
- Gave stories and questions and categorized answers based on REASONING
- Heinz Dilemna
- his wife is sick, pharmacist invents drug- only cure in world but ridiculously expensive; is Heinz morally allowed to steal the drug for his wife?
Preconventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional morality
- Believes progresses w/ age, not entirely accurate
- Gilligan said Kohlberg is looking too much at logic, emotions matter too
Kohlberg #1- Preconventional Morality
-Pre-adolescent
Stages:
1) Obedience - you were told to/fear of punishment
2) Self-interest - you get a reward/avoid punishment
- you say something is right/wrong b/c you’ll be punished or rewarded for it
- at self level
Kohlberg #2- Conventional Morality
-Adolescent to Adulthood
Stages:
3) Conformity - what everyone else does
4) Law and Order - it’s the law; if everyone did wrong thing society would collapse
-at societal level
Kohlberg #3- Postconventional Morality
-Adulthood (if at all)
Stages:
5) Social Contract - I won’t steal from you, don’t steal from me or greater good of universe
6) Universal Human Ethics- it’s wrong to steal or life is more important than all
Vygotsky
Culture/Learning and IDENTITY
ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
- The group of skills that a child is learning but hasn’t mastered yet
- Skills we learn are w/ respect to another, more knowledgeable other
ex) parent helps you ride bike = skill moves from zone of proximal development to a skill you actually have
Influences of other on identity
- Role taking- observe and imitate others
- Reference group- the people we compare ourselves to and how that makes us feel about ourselves/self concept
Psychoanalytic perspective
- your personality is how you act, not identity/who you are
- you personality is developed based on internal states/drives/instincts that make who you are
Psychoanalytic- Freud
Id- pleasure principle; take care of all survival and reproduction needs / primal needs
-related to “idc i just want this need fulfilled”
Superego- refined needs, ideal self; social etiquette
- divided into conscience & ego-ideal
- related to guilt
- Conscience = acknowledge actions that are punished
- Ego-ideal = acknowledge actions that are rewarded
Ego- organizes mind; reality; moderates desires of superego and impulses of id; decides
*Iceberg Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious Conscious- thoughts you can consciously access Pre-repressed Un-no access; all of Id
Iceberg- superego on one half
Ego on top of other half; at top of unconscious
Id on bottom of other half
Freud
-Based on instincts, which make us act primitively for biological needs
Life instincts = eros = quest for survival- thirst, hunger, sex
Death instincts = thanatos = unconscious wish for death & destruction
