4: History of Philosophy Flashcards Preview

1. Ancient
2. Medieval
3. Modern
4. Contemporary

1. The Pre-Socratics
2. Socrates
3. Plato
4. Aristotle
5. Stoics
6. St. Augustine

1. The Milesians
2. Pythagoras
3. Xenophanes
4. Anaxagoras
5. Sophists

• They were the first people to give non-religious answers to their questions about nature

1. Epistemology
2. Rational Theology
   • "Horses would draw the gods as horses"

1. Itinerant teachers
   • Taught people how to argue by making their argument stronger than it actually was

From 6th century BCE to 4th century BCE

• with the exception of Stoics and Augustine

Most notably from 11th century to 14th century CE

Because Medieval Philosophy was dominated by the Catholic church, they were mostly Christian philosophers

1. St. Anselm
2. St. Thomas Aquinas
3. William of Ockham
4. Francis Bacon
5. Thomas Hobbes
6. Jewish and Muslims Philosophers

• Ontological Argument

• Five Ways (arguments for God's existence)

1. Ockham's Razor
   • All things being equal, the simpler explanation is more likely to be the correct one.

1. Induction
2. Scientific Reasoning and Method

• Leviathan
  • major work of the ideal state

Especially 17th-18th century

• The nature of knowledge and how knowledge is aquired.
• Divided in three schools:
  1. Rationalism
     • use of reason, strict deduction
     • innate ideas
  2. Empiricism
     • through experience
     • tabula rasa
  3. Idealism