4. Human Resoucrses

Question 1

HR objectives

Answer 1

Specific Goal/target of relating to the management and performance of human resources in a business

Question 2

What is human resource manage?

Answer 2

With design, implementation and maintenance of strategies to manage people for optimum business performance

Question 3

Aspects of human resource management

Answer 3

Workforce planning
Recruitment and selection
Training
Talent development
Engagement and involvement of employees
Managing diversity

Question 4

Common HR objectives

Answer 4

Ensure human resources are employed cost effectively
Make effective use of workforce potential
Operate, effective talent development
Maintain good employer and employee relations

Question 5

Internal influences on HR objectives

Answer 5

Corporate objectives
Operational strategies
Marketing strategies
Financial strategies

Question 6

External influences on HR objectives

Answer 6

Market changes
Economic changes
Technological changes
Social changes
Political and legal changes

Question 7

Soft, HRM

Answer 7

Treats employees as the most important resource in the business and a source of competitive advantage

Flatter organisational structure
Democratically the ship
Two-way, strong communication
Employees are empowered and encouraged to seek delegation

Question 8

Hard, HRM

Answer 8

Treat employees simply as a resource of the business

Minimal communication from top down
Little empowerment or delegation
Taller, organisational structures
Autocratic leadership

Question 9

Labour turnover

Answer 9

Percentage of the workforce employees that leave a business within a given period usually a year

Question 10

Key measures of HR performance

Answer 10

Labour turnover, and staff retention

Labour productivity

Absenteeism

Question 11

Labour turnover formula

Answer 11

Number employees, leaving during period/average number employee period. X 100.

Question 12

Problems of high staff turnover

Answer 12

Higher costs
Increased pressure on remaining staff
Disruption to production

Question 13

Factors that affect staff turnover

Answer 13

Type of business
Paying rewards
Working conditions
Competitive to actions
Opportunities for promotion
Economic conditions

Question 14

How to improve staff turnover

Answer 14

Effective recruitment and training
Provide competitive paying of incentives
Job enrichment and reward staff loyalty

Question 15

Labour productivity formula

Answer 15

Output per period in units/number of employees at Work

Question 16

Key factors influencing labour productivity

Answer 16

Quality of fixed assets
Skills, ability of motivation of workforce for
Methods of production
External factors

Question 17

Ways to improve labour productivity

Answer 17

Measure performance and set targets
Streamline production processes
Invest in capital equipment
Invest in employee training and improve working conditions

Question 18

Absenteeism formula

Answer 18

Number of staff absent during period/number employed during period. X100

Question 19

Span of control

Answer 19

Number of employees for whom a managers responsible

Question 20

Narrow span of control

Answer 20

All allows for close supervision of employees
More lays in the hierarchy required

More effective communication

Question 21

Wide span of control

Answer 21

Give subordinates for transform more independence

More appropriate, if labour cost us significant reduces number of managers

Question 22

Chain of command

Answer 22

Describe the lines of afford with a business

Question 23

Span of control depends

Answer 23

Personalities and skill
Size and complexity of business
Centralised or decentralised structure

Question 24

Delegation

Answer 24

The assignment to others of the authority for particular, functions, tasks and decisions

Question 25

Advantages of delegation

Answer 25

Reduces management, stress and workload Decisions or use of resources Subordinates are empowered and motivated

Question 26

Disadvantages of delegation

Answer 26

Cannot or should not delegate responsibility Depends on quality and experience of subordinates How are they in a smaller firm? May increase workload and stress of subordinates

Question 27

Employee empowerment

Answer 27

Giving employees the power to do their job

Question 28

Centralised decision-making

Answer 28

Businesses with a centralised structure. Keep decision making at the top of the hierarchy.

Question 29

Advantages of centralised

Answer 29

Either to implement common policies Easier to coordinate and control from the centre Economies of scale and overhead savings, easier to achieve

Question 30

Disadvantages of centralised

Answer 30

More bureaucratic often extra layers Local or junior manager are likely to be much close to my needs Lack of authority down the higher mood juice, manager, motivation

Question 31

Decentralised structure

Answer 31

Decision making a spread out to include more junior managers in the hierarchy, as well as individual, business units or trading locations

Question 32

Disadvantages of decentralised

Answer 32

How to ensure consistent practice Some economies of scale Horror to achieve type financial control

Question 33

Job design

Answer 33

Job design is about the tasks and responsibilities that are grouped into specific job Significant influence on labour productivity through link of motivation

Question 34

Advantages and disadvantages of part-time and flexible working

Answer 34

Advantages Cheaper to employee More flexible workforce for Wide range of potential Disadvantages Employees, feel less loyal to the business so less motivated Harder for managers to control and coordinate

Question 35

Method of on the job training

Answer 35

Demonstration/instruction Coach Job rotation Project 

Question 36

Advantages and disadvantages of on job training

Answer 36

Advantages Generally, most cost-effective Employees are actually productive Training alongside real colleagues Disadvantages Quality depends on ability of trainer and time available Learning environment may not be conductive Potential disruption to production

Question 37

Benefits and drawbacks of of the job training

Answer 37

Advantages Wide range of skills are qualifications can be obtained Can learn from outside specialist experts Employees can be more confident and starting Disadvantages More expensive Love working time New skills and qualifications designed and may leave for better jobs

Question 38

Non-financial incentives

Answer 38

Empowerment Praise and promotion Job enrichment and enlargement

Question 39

Fringe benefits

Answer 39

Known as perks

Question 40

Taylors theory of motivation

Answer 40

Managers should maintain close control supervision over the employees autocratic style management Theory X approach to workers, believe workers are lazy and motivated by money Motivate workers using piece rate payments

Question 41

Taylors approach to management

Answer 41

Work study-identify most efficient method of production Identify -spot the most efficient workers and see what they are good Train -train remaining workers to work like the best Pay workers based on productivity reward

Question 42

Five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 42

1. Psychological. Food shelter 2. Safety safe, working environment and job security. 3. social feeling wanted sense of belonging and part of a team 4. Esteem. Self-respect level of status. 5. self actualisation intellectual needs fulfilling, potential and achieving target

Question 43

Herbergs theory of motivation motivators

Answer 43

which is responsibility at work Meaningful fulfilling work and achievement and recognition Factors that directly motivate people to Arcado by giving responsibility recognition for good work

Question 44

Herbergs hygiene

Answer 44

Pay our financial rewards Working conditions Appropriate supervision and policies Factors that can demotivate if not present, but do not actually motivated in proceed the hard work Uses enrichment and empowerment