4. Machine Learning Basics Flashcards
What is a machine learning algorithm?
An algorithm that is able to learn from data
This definition emphasizes the ability to adapt based on data inputs.
How does Mitchell (1997) define learning in a computer program?
A computer program learns from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E
This definition highlights the relationship between experience, tasks, and performance.
What are the three components involved in the definition of learning by Mitchell?
- Experience E
- Tasks T
- Performance measure P
These components interact to define the learning process in machine learning.
Fill in the blank: A computer program is said to learn from experience ______.
[key learning term] E
What improves with experience E according to Mitchell’s definition?
Performance at tasks in T
This improvement is measured by the performance measure P.
True or False: The book attempts to formally define experiences, tasks, and performance measures.
False
Instead, the book provides intuitive descriptions and examples.
What is the focus of the following sections in the book regarding machine learning?
Intuitive descriptions and examples of different kinds of tasks, performance measures, and experiences
This approach aims to clarify the concepts without formal definitions.
What enables us to tackle tasks that are too difficult to solve with fixed programs?
Machine learning
Machine learning allows for adaptive solutions rather than static programming.
From what perspectives is machine learning considered interesting?
Scientific and philosophical
It helps us understand the principles underlying intelligence.
In the context of machine learning, what is the distinction between ‘task’ and ‘learning’?
‘Task’ refers to the activity to be performed, while ‘learning’ is the means to attain the ability to perform the task
For example, walking is the task, and learning to walk is the process.
What is an example in machine learning?
A collection of features that have been quantitatively measured from some object or event
Examples are crucial for training machine learning models.
How is an example typically represented in machine learning?
As a vector x∈Rn
Each entry xi of the vector corresponds to a feature.
What do the features of an image usually represent in machine learning?
The values of the pixels in the image
Pixel values serve as features for image processing tasks.
True or False: In machine learning, the process of learning is considered the task.
False
The task is the activity to be performed, while learning is a process to achieve that activity.
Fill in the blank: Machine learning tasks are usually described in terms of how the machine learning system should process an _______.
example
This processing is essential for training and making predictions.
What is classification in machine learning?
A task where the computer specifies which of k categories some input belongs to
What function does a learning algorithm produce for classification tasks?
f : Rn →{1,…,k}
In classification, what does y = f(x) represent?
The model assigns an input described by vector x to a category identified by numeric code y
What is a variant of the classification task?
When f outputs a probability distribution over classes
Give an example of a classification task.
Object recognition
What is the input for an object recognition task?
An image described as a set of pixel brightness values
What does the output of an object recognition task represent?
A numeric code identifying the object in the image
What is the capability of the Willow Garage PR2 robot?
To recognize different kinds of drinks and deliver them to people on command
