4 - Other imaging modalities 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are indications for imaging the salivary glands?
A
- obstruction
- dry mouth
- swellings
2
Q
What can cause obstruction in the salivary glands?
A
- mucous plugs
- salivary stones (sialoliths)
- neoplasia
3
Q
In which gland are mucous plugs most common?
A
Parotid
4
Q
In which gland are sialoliths most common?
A
Submandibular
5
Q
What is used for imaging of salivary glands?
A
Ultrasound
6
Q
Why is ultrasound good for imaging salivary glands?
A
- glands are superficial
- parenchymal pattern, vascularity, ductal dilation and neoplastic masses can be viewed on US
7
Q
What can be given to improve an US of the salivary glands?
A
- sialogogue
- citric acid
- allows better visualisation of dilated ducts
8
Q
What is ultrasound?
A
- no ionising radiation
- high frequency sound waves that bounce back off structures to create an image
- requires coupling agent as the short wave length is not transmissible through air
9
Q
What is the imaging protocol for salivary gland obstruction?
A
- US
- plain film (mandibular true occlusal)
- sialography
10
Q
What is the presentation of obstructive gland disease?
A
- meal time symptoms, swelling and pain
- rush of saliva into mouth
- bad taste (salty)
- thick saliva
- xerostomia
11
Q
Define prandial.
A
Related to meal times and eating
12
Q
What is sialography?
A
- injection of iodinated radiographic contrast into duct
- combined with OPT, skull views or fluoroscopic approach
13
Q
What are the indications for sialography?
A
- looking for stricture or obstruction of duct
- planning for access for interventions
14
Q
What are the risks of sialography?
A
- discomfort
- swelling
- infection
- allergy to contrast (rare)
15
Q
How are normal findings described in sialography?
A
- parotid gland “tree in winter”
- submandibular gland “bush in winter”
