4. Religion and its social impact Flashcards
What opposition was there to Mary’s restoration of Catholicism?
Protestantism had supporters in London and southern areas.
The Protestant Church of England was protected in statute law.
Many political elites, who were vital to Mary, benefited financially from the purchase of monastic lands so had no desire to surrender these gains.
When was Mary’s first meeting of Parliament?
October 1553
What happened at Mary’s first Parliament?
Religious laws passed during Edward VI’s reign were repealed.
The order of service at the time of Henry VIII’s death was restored.
The dismissal of the church’s legal power under Edward VI would remain.
What crisis did Mary face with her foreign policy?
By relying on parliamentary legislation, Mary would be forced to accept the superiority of statute law over divine law.
This would oppose her fundamental beliefs and aims.
What roles did Cardinal Pole take on in 1554?
Papal Legate and Archbishop of Canterbury.
When was the Act of Repeal passed?
January 1555
What did the Act of Repeal do?
Revoked royal supremacy over the church.
This had forced Mary to accept the jurisdiction of statute law in religious decisions.
When did Pole Julius III die?
1555 and was succeeded by Anti-Spanish Paul IV.
What was England’s relationship like with Pope Philip IV?
Cardinal Pole was suspicious of Philip IV and expressed hostility towards the Spanish side in the war.
He opposed Cardinal Pole and dismissed him as papal legate in April 1557.
He was replaced with Willian Peto, but Mary trusted Pole and refused to acknowledge the papal authority that placed Peto in a higher position than him.
Mary’s relationship with the Pope was tense.
How many protestants were burnt at the stake for Heresy?
289
Included people high up in the clergy like Archbishop Cranmer and 21 other clergymen.
What was the impact of the burning of heretics?
The deaths of people from more humble backgrounds strengthened sympathies for victims of Mary I.
The council became worried about the effects of the burnings and introduced measures to prevent young people from attending.
What other changes needed to be made to the church?
The resources of the church, including the quantity of priests needed to be improved.
How did Pole reform the role of bishops?
He held a legatine synod in 1555 and 1556…
Bishops were to reside in their diocese to oversee the religious life of their parishes.
Some parishes embraced Catholicism while others were in ruins as they failed to recruit new priests.
To what extent was religion reformed?
Most of the country remained Catholic.
The divisions between the Crown and papacy meant that not as much progress was made.
Ultimately, Mary did not complete what she set out to do.
