Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 325 - Midterm 1 > 4. Violence in Media > Flashcards

4. Violence in Media Flashcards

1
Q

problems with violence definition

A

-can lead to discrepancies-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

original definition and issues

A
  • “any act or threat of physical force against the self or others”
    • TOO BROAD
    • Includes accidents, natural disasters, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

recent definitions and issues?

A
  • “any act or threat intended to cause physical harm”
    • Non-physical harm?
  • “acts that (intentionally) lead to physical or physical harm”
    • Even with this definition, it may vary!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most studied form of media violence

A

tv and movies (60% TV contain violence (4-6 acts per hour))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how much violence in children’s tv?

A

approx. 69%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much violence in movies?

A
  • 90% incl. some violence
  • G-rated—10min. total

DATED RESEARCH (1990s) — no recent research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when and what was the first violent video game

A

space wars (1962)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when was the first video game panic?

A

1976 (death race–pulled from shelves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define aggression

A

typically seen as broader than violence

“Any action intended to cause harm” (can vary in severity)

Kick someone’s leg lightly vs. kicking someone’s leg to hurt them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 categories of aggression

A
  1. physical (direct harm)
  2. verbal (direct harm)
  3. relational (direct or indirect)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

relational violence?

A

harm to social relationships—directly to them or through another source ie: posting about someone online

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors that impact the likelihood of acting aggressively (4)

A
  1. Aggressive emotions
  2. Aggressive traits
  3. Physiological factors
  4. Aggressive thoughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Catharsis theory

A

IDEA: violent impulses can be “purged” through consuming violent media

Very little evidence in support of this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social Learning Theory (bandura bobo doll)

A

IDEA: observational learning
- Impacted by reinforcements and punishments

Argument in media:

  • We are constantly shown violence leading to imitations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when is imitation most likely to occur? (2)

A
  1. rewarded
  2. no consequences (tacit (unspoken) reinforcement) – Nobody is telling you it’s bad, we might think it’s still okay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

personal factors in motivation?

A

interest, attention, motivation, and self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Script Theory

A

💡 Personal “screenplays” of what is expected

Shaped through experience and observational learning
- Used to guide behaviour

IDEA: kids engaging in violent media use this to build a violent script

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Priming Theory

A

IDEA: Violent stimuli activates violent thoughts → “primes” other related thoughts

After playing video games, more likely to fill in letters to complete violent words (C_T = CAT or CUT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Excitation Theory

A

IDEA: consuming violent media leads to arousal

  • Arousal may be interpreted as anger
  • Leads them to be more likely to act aggressively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Desensitization Theory

A

repeated exposure to media violence leads to a lessened emotional reaction

  • Leads to lower reactions to violence IRL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

💡 How can desensitization and excitation theory both be true?

A
  • Hypothesis: they work on different time scales
    • First viewing = arousal
    • Repeated viewing = desensitization
22
Q

what is the correlation b/w violent tv and aggression

A

MOST studies show a positive correlation (mostly done on boys)

23
Q

what does exposure to tv violence predict

A
  1. willingness to use violence
  2. perceived effectiveness of violence
24
Q

exposure to wrestling predict?

A
  1. having tries to hurt someone with a weapon
  2. having been in a fight with date/romantic partner
25
Q

what is the + correlation between video game violence?

A

lower empathy, positive attitudes towards violence

26
Q

longitudinal studies and violent tv?

A

measured violent tv viewing for 2 years and asked other kids to report aggressive behaviour (more accurate) – 15 years later collected self-report and asked close friends/criminal records

27
Q

results of longitudinal?

A

violent tv consumption DID predict aggressive behaviour BUT not strong (but, consistent and stable)

28
Q

which group more likely to have criminal conviction

A

males with high violent viewing (NO FEMALES)

29
Q

does violent behaviour as a kid predict violent tv watching later?

A

no lol

30
Q

downward spiral model

A

We consume violent media makes us more aggressive which causes us to want to consume more violent media and etc.
- Compounding effect leading to criminal convictions

31
Q

results of most experimental studies?

A

those who watch TV violence are more likely to demonstrate aggressive cognitions/behaviours

32
Q

video game violence

A

stdy inkids (9-12) and adults (17-29)
play violent or non video game and blast a noise

RESULTS
both groups -> louder noise when violent game

33
Q

violent behaviour study in 11-14

A

exposed to indirect and direct violence
- more likely to give negative rating to researcher when exposed to violence

34
Q

NOT ALL STUDIES

A

8-12yrs = no difference in aggression after playing violent video game

35
Q

results of meta-analysis

A

small-moderate effects: ~2-10% of aggressive behaviour MIGHT BE explained by violent media consumption

36
Q

factors of the consumer (5)

A
  1. gender
  2. culture
  3. personality and mental state
  4. age
  5. identification with characters
37
Q

explain gender factor

A
  • larger effects of media violence for boys
  • gender effects = less common in recent studies (gender role shifts? gender schema? flaws in older study methodologies?)
38
Q

problems with studies in violent media

A

most only focus on boys

39
Q

culture?

A

Cultural differences in aggression
- Lowest amount of gun deaths = highest video game revenue
- In all samples, violent video game play correlated with and predicts video game play months later
- Aggression manifests differently across cultures

40
Q

Personality & Mental State?

A

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Personality:
- Highly aggressive individuals more likely to seek out violent media
- May also be more impacted

Mental State:
- More likely to behave aggressively after exposure to media violence when feeling angry or frustrated

41
Q

Age?

A

Hard to study**
- Measuring differences in violent media across age groups?
- But u can’t study the same game across age groups…

Usually find mixed evidence

42
Q

who is most impacted by violent video games

A

Tendency for early childhood to be the most impacted -> 5 and younger

  • WHY? Reality vs. fantasy? Underlying story? (kids might not understand the narrative and only focus on the violence)
43
Q

Identification with characters?

A

More likely to imitate when the identity is similar
- Designing a personalized avatar = showed more aggression

44
Q

wishful identification findings

A
  • When wishful identification is low = no difference
  • Wishful identification high = large difference
45
Q

factors of the media (4)

A
  1. contextual features of violence
  2. social context
  3. medium itself
  4. social media
46
Q

Contextual features of the violence?

A

Factors leading to imitation:

  • Perpetrators are appealing (“glamourized violence”) (Attractive, powerful, high status)
  • Violence is rewarded or unpunished
  • Violence has no consequences to the victim
  • Violence is justified
  • Violence is realistic
47
Q

how were contextual features measured?

A

Adults were more aggressive after playing Doom 3 vs. Classic Doom (Same type of game but more realistic)

48
Q

The social context?

A

With video games in particular, many are now designed to be played collaboratively (MMOG)

49
Q

which % ????

A

60-80 are collaborative online social games
- While they may contain violence, also have aspects of prosociality → working together, sharing

50
Q

The medium itself?

A
  • Hard to directly compare!
  • Studies comparing playing video games vs watching play → more effect of playing
  • But, meta analyses tend to find a larger effect size from TV violence vs video games?
51
Q

Violence in social media?

A

Cyberbullying, hate speech, live-streaming violence, etc.?

PSYC 325 - Midterm 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions