40+41

Question 1

outermost part of the kidney

Answer 1

renal capsule

Question 2

storage organ of the urinary system

Answer 2

urinary bladder

Question 3

takes blood from the kidney

Answer 3

renal vein

Question 4

separates the renal cortex from the medulla

Answer 4

arcuate arteries

Question 5

receives urine from the renal papilla

Answer 5

minor calyx

Question 6

leads directly to the renal pelvis

Answer 6

major calyx

Question 7

located between the kidney and the urinary bladder

Answer 7

ureter

Question 8

terminal part of the nephron

Answer 8

distal convoluted tubule

Question 9

region of the kidney with the most glomeruli

Answer 9

cortex

Question 10

tube that takes urine to the outside of the body

Answer 10

urethra

Question 11

blood is initially filtered in which part of the nephron?

Answer 11

renal corpuscle

Question 12

describe the kidneys position with regard to the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 12

posterior to parietal peritoneum or retroperitoneal

Question 13

what blood vessel takes blood to the kidney?

Answer 13

renal artery

Question 14

what is the triangular region of the posterior bladder called?

Answer 14

trigone

Question 15

distal convoluted tubules flow directly into which structures?

Answer 15

collecting ducts

Question 16

what is a renal papilla?

Answer 16

blunt end of renal pyramid

Question 17

a renal corpuscle consists of which structures?

Answer 17

glomerulus and bowmans capsule

Question 18

blood from the glomerulus flows to which arteriole next?

Answer 18

efferent arteriole

Question 19

which slows a greater anatomical difference between the sexes: ureters, urinary bladder or urethra?

Answer 19

urethra

Question 20

blood in an arcuate vein will flow into which structure next?

Answer 20

interlobar vein

Question 21

which histological feature distinguishes a proximal convoluted tubule from a distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 21

proximal tubular has brush border

Question 22

name the parts of a nephron

Answer 22

proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle, nephron loop

Question 23

what type of epithelium lines the bladder?

Answer 23

transitional epithelium

Question 24

Map the flow of filtrate through the kidney

Answer 24

Bowman’s capsule —> proximal convoluted tubule —> nephron loop —> distal convoluted tubule —> collecting duct —> minor calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis

Question 25

assume that a person did not collect a midstream sample of urine but collected a sample from the beginning of urination. what additional materials might be in greater numbers in this sample?

Answer 25

bacteria

Question 26

what metabolic by-product from hemoglobin colors the urine yellow?

Answer 26

urobilinogen

Question 27

how can adequate water intake be judges by the color of urine.

Answer 27

urine should be clear or pale yellow

Question 28

what is the name of the condition of having measurable amounts of sugar in urine?

Answer 28

glycosuria

Question 29

what is the normal value for sugar in urine?

Answer 29

None

Question 30

if a person has ketonuria and is not diabetic, what question might you ask to see if their results are accurate?

Answer 30

ketones must be present to have ketouria

Question 31

what is the range of the specific gravity in normal urine values?

Answer 31

1.001 - 1.035

Question 32

does the amount of water you drink each day correspond to the specific gravity of your urine?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

why is it important to ask a woman if she is menstruating when doing a urinalysis?

Answer 33

to account for presence of blood

Question 34

if excess H+ ions are present in the blood and increase blood acidity, the kidneys secrete the H+ ions. What effect does this have on the pH of urine?

Answer 34

decrease

Question 35

what mechanism keeps protein out of the urine and what structure might be damaged if protein is found in significant amounts in urine?

Answer 35

wall doesn't allow for blood to pass through

Question 36

elevated levels of WBCs produce what condition in urine?

Answer 36

pyuria

Question 37

if you process 180 liters of water through your kidneys each day and yet produce 1.8Ls of urine, approximately how efficient are your kidneys at reabsorbing the water passing through them?

Answer 37

99%

Question 38

which urine sediment is probably due to reduced water intake?

Answer 38

crystals

Question 39

which cells found in the urine originally come from the walls of the urethra?

Answer 39

squamous epithelial

Question 40

which cells in the urine come from the wall of the urinary bladder?

Answer 40

transitional epithelial cells

Question 41

if your urine contained large numbers of calcium crystals, what might this tell you about the amount of water you drink?

Answer 41

you're not drinking enough water