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USC PT Gait Analysis > 4.0 Foot and Ankle Functions During Gait > Flashcards

4.0 Foot and Ankle Functions During Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 objectives of Loading Response?

A
  1. Initiate forward progression
  2. Shock Absorption
  3. Weight Bearing Stability
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2
Q

During Loading response of the gait cycle, what are the 3 major kinematics occurring?

A

0-5° Plantar Flexion

Part of Heel Rocker Mechanism

Facilitates the objective of Forward Progression

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3
Q

What are the important kinematics of Initial Contact at the ankle?

A
  1. Neutral Ankle

2. Facilitates Heel Rocker

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4
Q

During mid-stance, the ankle moves from ___° to ___°

A

5° of Plantar Flexion
to
5° of Dorsi Flexion

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5
Q

What is/are the objective of Mid-stance?

A
  1. Facilitates the objective of progression of COM over the base of support
  2. Single Limb Stance Stability
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6
Q

What is the objective of Terminal stance?

A

Facilitate the objective of progression of COM BEYOND the BOS

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7
Q

What is happening about the ankle during Terminal Stance?

A

5° of Dorsiflexion
to
10° of Dorsiflexion

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8
Q

What muscles are active during loading response affecting the ankle and the type of contraction occurring?

A

Loading Response

  • Anterior Leg Muscles
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Eccentric Plantar Flexion
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9
Q

What muscle(s) is/are active during Mid Stance that affect the ankle?

A

Mid-stance

  • Posterior Leg Muscles
  • Tibialis Posterior, Gastroc, Soleus
  • Eccentric Dorsiflexion
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10
Q

What muscles are active during terminal stance that affect the ankle?

A

Terminal stance

  • Posterior Leg Muscles
  • Gastroc, Soleus, Tibialis Posterior
  • Eccentric Dorsiflexion
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11
Q

What is the objective of Pre-swing?

A

-Initiate Limb Advancement

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12
Q

What is happening about the ankle during Pre-swing?

A

10° of Dorsiflexion
to
20° of Plantarflexion

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13
Q

What is happening about the ankle during Initial Swing?

A

20° of Plantar Flexion
to
5° of Plantar Flexion

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14
Q

What is the objective(s) of Initial Swing?

A
  1. Limb Advancement

2. Foot Clearance

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15
Q

What is happening about the ankle during Mid-swing?

A

5° of Plantar Flexion
to
0° of Plantar Flexion

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16
Q

What are the objectives of Mid-swing?

A
  1. Continued Limb Advancement

2. Continued Foot Clearance

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17
Q

What is happening about the ankle during Terminal Swing?

A

Stays Neutral 0°

18
Q

What are the objectives of Terminal Swing?

A
  1. Complete Limb Advancement

2. Prepare Limb for Stance

19
Q

What are the frontal plane kinematic about the ankle during Initial Contact?

A

Foot:

-Supination 3°-5°

20
Q

What are the Frontal Plane kinematics about the ankle during Loading Response?

A

Foot

  • Pronation 4°-6°
  • Rear Foot Eversion
21
Q

What are the frontal plane kinematics about the ankle during Midstance-Terminal Stance?

A

Foot:

-Pronation to Neutral

22
Q

What are the objectives of Frontal Plane motion about the Foot?

A
  1. Pronation in Loading Response/Mid Stance

2. Supination in Mid Stance/Terminal Stance

23
Q

What are the objectives during Pronation in Loading response/Mid stance?

A
  1. Shock Absorption

2. Stance Stability

24
Q

How does pronation about the foot during loading response/Mid stance facilitate shock absorption?

A

Pronation results in the “Unlocking” of the mid tarsal joints turning the foot into a “Mobile Adaptor”

25
Q

How does supination in Midstance/Terminal Stance facilitate the progression of the COM beyond the BOS (Forefoot Rocker)?

A

Supination results int he “Locking” of midtarsal joints, turning the foot into a “Rigid Lever”

26
Q

Foot Pronation facilitates what about the tibia?

A

Foot Pronation => Tibia Internal Rotation

27
Q

During loading response? Where is the Ground reaction force vector relative to the Foot/leg?

A

Behind them

28
Q

What type of moment does it create when the ground reaction force is behind the foot and ankle?

A

Plantar Flexion Moment

29
Q

What muscles are active during a plantar flexion moment?

A

Dorsiflexors (Eccentric)

  • Tibialis Anterir
  • Extensor Hallicus Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum
30
Q

During Midstance, what type of moment is created by the ground reaction force?

A

Dorsiflexion moment?

31
Q

During a dorsiflexion moment? What is happening in regards to the muscles of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion Moment = Plantar Flexors Active

Plantarflexors (Eccentric)

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
32
Q

What type of moment is happening about the foot/ankle during terminal stance?

A

Increasing Dorsiflexion moment

33
Q

In regards to Kinematics and muscle control, what is happening during pre-swing about the foot/ankle?

A
  1. Reducing Dorsiflexion Moment
  2. Reducing Calf Demand (Concentric)
    - NO PUSH OFF!!!
34
Q

What type of moment is created during initial swing about the foot/ankle?

A

Plantar Flexion Moment: Driven by Gravity

35
Q

What muscles are active during a Plantar Flexion Moment?

A

Dorsiflexors (Concentric)

  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Hallicus Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum
36
Q

For Initial Swing, Mid Swing, and Terminal Swing, What is the Moment created at the Ankle, and what type of muscle contraction is occuring?

A

Plantar Flexion Moment: due to Gravity

Dorsiflexion (concentric)

  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum

Terminal Swing is only different in that the Dorsiflexors are “ISOMETRIC”

37
Q

During Loading response, what happens about the foot and how does that affect the tibia?

A

Foot Pronates/Everts

Tibia Internally rotates

38
Q

The foot pronation motion is controlled by muscles that _______ the foot.

A

Invert

39
Q

What are the inversion muscles and what type of contraction is occuring?

A

Dynamic Control of Foot Pronation During Loading Response

-Eccentric Contraction 
·Tibialis Posterior
·Tibialis Anterior
·Flexor Hallicus Longus
·Flexor Digitorum Longus
40
Q

Pronation to Supination in Mid Stance to Terminal stance is necessary for adequate _______ rocker in terminal stance.

A

Forefoot Rocker

41
Q

For the foot go from Pronation to Supination in Mid stance to Terminal Stance, this requires a _____________ muscle action of the inverters.

A

Concentric

  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Hallicus Longus
  • Flexor digitorum Longus

NO TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

42
Q

During Initial contact of the Gait Cycle, what is happening at the ankle?

A
  • Neutral Position

- Facilitates Heel Rocker

USC PT Gait Analysis (11 decks)

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