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Erwin Personal Patho Flashcards > Liver & Pancreas > Flashcards

Liver & Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Lab evalutwtion of biliary functions

A

Total, direct bilirubin
Alkaline phosphatase
GGT

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2
Q

Lab evaluation of hepatocyte synthetic function

A 
Serum alb
PT
Serum ammonia
Aminopyrine breath test
Galactose elimination
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3
Q

Acute liver illness associated with encephalopathy within 6 mos after the initial diagnosis

A

Acute Liver Failure

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4
Q

Acute liver assoc with encephalopathy occurring within 2 wks of onset of jaundice

A

Fulminant liver failure

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5
Q

Acute liver illness assoc with encephalopathy within 3 months to onset of jaundice

A

Sub-fulminant liver failure

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6
Q

Triad of hepatopulmonary syndrome

A

Chronic liver disease
Hypoxemia
Intra-pulmonary vascular dilations

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7
Q

Chief executive worldwide causes of cirrhosis

A

Alcohol abuse
Viral hepatitis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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8
Q

Morphologic features of cirrhosis

A

Bridging fibrous septa
Parenchyma nodules
Disruption of architecture of entire liver

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9
Q

Most common clinical consequence of portal hypertension

A

Ascites

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10
Q

Clinical manifestation of portosystemic shunting

A

Caput medusae
Esophageal varices
Hemorrhoids

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11
Q

Manifestation of impaired estrogen metabolism in hepatic failure

A

Palmar erythema
Spider angioma
Hypogonadism
Gynecomasta

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12
Q

Clinical manifestation in cholestasis

A

Elevated serum alkaline and GGT
Pruritus
Intestinal malabsorption
Deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins

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13
Q

Treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis

A

Liver transplant

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14
Q

Waterborne hepatitis

A

Hepatitis E

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15
Q

Enveloped dsDNA heptitis

A

Hepatitis B

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16
Q

Councilman bodies

A

Acute hepatitis

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17
Q

Hallmark of chronic hepatitis

A

Deposition of fibrous tissue

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18
Q

Differentiates Chronic Hepatitis B from C

A

Ground-glass hepatocytes

“BGG”

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19
Q

Differentiates Chronic Hep C from Hep B

A

Lymphoid aggregates
Bile duct reactive changes
Macrovesicular steatosis

“CLBS”

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20
Q

Usual causes of nonpyogenic liver abscess

A

Echinococcus

Amebic infections

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21
Q

Liver abscess with eosinophilic infiltrates

A

Nonpyogenic liver abscess

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22
Q

Live abscess with neutrophilic infiltration

A

Pyogenic liver abscess

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23
Q

Nonpyogenic liver abscess with anchovy paste-like material

A

Amebiasis

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24
Q

Nonpyogenic liver abscess with laminate cystic wall with hooklet

A

Echinococcus

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25
Q

Chronic and progressive hepatitis of unknown etiology positive for anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

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26
Q

Marker for autoimmune hepatitis

A

Anti-smooth muscle antibodies

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27
Q

The leading cause of liver disease

A

Alcohol consumption

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28
Q

Three distinctive forms of alcoholic liver disease

A

Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease)
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrhosis

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29
Q

Alcoholic liver disease with MALLORY BODIES

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

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30
Q

Most common cause of CLD in the US

May occur in those who do not consume alcohol or very minimally (

A

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

31
Q

Accumulation of micro/macrovesicular droplets of fat (TG) with no liver scarring nor inflammation

A

Steatosis

32
Q

Mallory bodies, parenchymal inflammation and steatosis with sinusoidal fibrosis

A

Steatohepatitis

33
Q

Homozygous recessive inherited disorder of excessive iron accumulation in the body

A

Primary hemochromatosis

34
Q

Excessive iron accumulation from iatrogenic causes, chronic liver disease etc.

A

Acquired hemochromatosis (hemosiderosis)

35
Q

Clinical triad of hemochromatosis

A

Hepatomegaly
DM
Bronze skin pigmentation

36
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder with impaired copper excretion in bile. Failure to incorporate copper into ceruloplasmin.

A

Wilson’s disease

37
Q

Brain changes in Wilson’s disease

A

Atrophy and cavitation of putamen and basal ganglia

38
Q

Found in eye lesions in Wilson’s disease; green to brown deposits of copper in the Descemet’s membrane in the limbus of the cornea

A

Kayse Fleischer rings

39
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder where there is loss of neutrophil proteases leading to panacinar emphysema and liver disease

A

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

40
Q

PAS-positive

Diastase-resistant

A

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin

41
Q

Kayser-Fischer rings and Mallory bodies

A

Wilson’s disease

42
Q

Yellow green liver pigmentation, jigsaw pattern, distended bile ducts, extensive feather degeneration, bile lakes

A

Secondary biliary cirrhosis

43
Q

Inflammatory autoimmune disease mainly affecting the intrahepatic ducts

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

44
Q

Laboratory study results in Primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Elevated alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol

Positive for antimitochondrial antibodies

45
Q

Autoantibodies seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Atypical p-ANCA (80% of patients)

46
Q

Inflammation and obliterative fibrosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts with dilatation of preserved segments

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

47
Q

Commonly associated inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Ulcerative colitis

48
Q

Shows characteristic beading of contrast medium in radiography of intra and extra-hepatic biliary tree

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

49
Q

Obstruction of 2 or more hepatic veins

A

Budd-chiari syndrome

50
Q

Liver enlargement, pain, ascites.

Liver is red-purple, swollen. Tense capsule, with sever centrilobular congestion and necrosis

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

51
Q

Benign liver neoplasm developing from hepatocytes, frequently in women using OCPs

A

Hepatic Adenoma

52
Q

Single large hard scirrhous tumor of the liver with fibrous band of well differentiated polygonal cells growing in nests or cords

A

Fibrolamellar carcinoma

53
Q

Most common cause of cholelithiasis

A

Cholesterol stones (90%)

54
Q

Outpouching of mucosal epithelium into the wall through the muscular layer seen in Chronic cholecystitis

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus

55
Q

Extensive dystrophic calcification if the GB wall with increased risk for cancer

A

Porcelain GB

56
Q

Massively thickened GB wall, with chronic inflammation, necrosis and hemorrhage

A

Xanthogranulomatus cholecystitis

57
Q

Atrophic, chronically obstructed GB containing clear secretions

A

Hydrops of the GB

58
Q

Single most frequent cause of death from liver disease in early childhood

A

Biliary atresia

59
Q

Most common malignancy of the extra hepatic biliary tract

A

Gall bladder adenocarcinoma

60
Q

Most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas

A

Pancreas divisum

61
Q

Band like ring of normal pancreas tissue that encircles the 2nd portion of the duodenum

A

Annular pancreas (Presents as duodenal obstruction)

62
Q

Most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis

A

Alcoholism(65%)

Biliary tract disease (35-60%)

63
Q

The most appropriate treatment for acute pancreatitis

A

Bowel rest (NPO)

64
Q

The most appropriate analgesic for patients with acute pancreatitis

A

Meperidine

65
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas with irreversible destruction of exocrine parenchyma

A

Chronic pancreatitis

66
Q

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

A

Long term alcohol abuse

67
Q

Fourth leading cause of cancer deaths

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (60% head of the pancreas)

68
Q

Strongest environmental influence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A

Cigarette smoking

69
Q

Migratory thrombophlebitis attributable to elaboration of platelet-aggregating factors and procoagulants from the pancreatic carcinoma or its necrotic products

A

Trousseau Sign

70
Q

Tumor marker of Pancreatic cancer

A

ca19-9

71
Q

Surgical procedure to treat pancreatic cancer

A

Whipple procedure

72
Q

Condition characterized by extrinsic compression of the common hepatic duct, mistake for pancreatic CA

A

Mirizzi syndrome

73
Q

Clinical sign characterized by a painless palpable gallbladder associated with jaundice

A

Couvoissier gallbladder

74
Q

Lab evaluation of hepatocyte integrity

A

AST
ALT
LDH

Erwin Personal Patho Flashcards (9 decks)

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