4.1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Personality Psychology
The scientific study of personality and its elements(development, structure, specific traits, processes, disorders, and variations.)
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how one thinks, influences, and relates to others
Person Perception
How an impression of someone is formed
Attribution Theory
The theory that we perceive someone based on social and physical attributes that surround them
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of a situation. (Ex: Jill is quiet in school, so you wouldn’t recognize her in the musical, singing her heart out with confidence.)
How does culture influence attribution?
All cultures are different – one attribution could be defined differently by two cultures and overall the description of one person could vary between cultures.
Actor-Observer Bias
The tendency for actors to attribute their behavior to external causes but observers believe its due to internal causes
Prejudice
Also known as ‘prejudgement’, is the unjustifiable and poor attitude toward a specific group/members
Sterotype
A generalized belief about a group of people, typically targeted at minorities.
Discrimination
To unjustifiably act negatively and hateful towards a group and its members
Implicit Bias
An unaware response in regard to our attitude toward a variable
Explicity Bias
Aware/public response to a variable(typically prejudice towards racial or ethnic groups)
Just-World Phenomenon
The idea that good is rewarded and evil is punished. This is taught to children
Social Identity
The aspect of self-concept in a group setting. (“How do I belong? What’s my purpose?”)
Ingroup
People who share a common identity - “US”
Outgroup
People who don’t share a common identity - “THEM”
Ingroup Bias
The idea that your own identity/group is better than
Scapegoat Theory
The idea that when something goes wrong, we find someone or thing to blame to escape any negative emotions
Other-Race Effect
When it’s easier to separate individuals via their looks in your own race then other races. (Ex: difficulty telling people of a similar racial group a part in a group setting.)
Vivid Case
Vivid case is the item envisioned; it’s the ‘stereotypical item. So when you think of an object, the vivid case is the first example that comes to mind. It also applies to other-race effect.
