4.1 - Attribution Theory & Person Perception

Question 1

• Attribution

Answer 1

Attribution is how people explain behavior of themselves and others

Question 2

• Dispositional Attribution
  internal

Answer 2

The persons stable, enduring traits (Personality, ability, emotions) (student failing test because they are lazy)

Question 3

• Situational Attribution
  external

Answer 3

Factors outside the person doing the action (such as peer pressure) (new student being new, stumbling over words - being new impacting)

Question 4

• Explanatory Style-Optimism

Answer 4

Will predict/think the best, Half full, thankful positive always have hope, ¨maybe shes having bad day¨

Question 5

• Explanatory Style–Pessimism

Answer 5

Will predict/think the worst, half empty, not thankful and negative

Question 6

• Actor/Observer Bias
  (attributional bias)

Answer 6

a bias that explains the tendency for people (the actor) to attribute their owns actions to external, situational factors, but explains he actions of others (the observer) to internal, personal factors. (if I didnt do good on the test its because i was on vacation) (MY BEHAVIOR)

Question 7

• Fundamental Attribution Error (attributional bias)

Answer 7

when we overemphasize that a persons behavior is caused by their internal factors such as laziness, and underestimate the role of external factors such as really hard test and the situation. (OTHERS BEHAVIOR)

Question 8

• Self-Serving Bias
  (attributional bias)

Answer 8

Bias that refers to the tendency for people to attribute their successes to internal, personal factions (like their own skills, abilities, or effort) while attributing their failures to external, situational factors (such as bad luck, unfair circumstances, or other peoples actions) (run good i blame me being good, run bad I blame the weather or bad blocks) (MY BEHAVIOR)

Question 9

• Internal Locus of Control

Answer 9

a belief that one is in control of their own destiny and that their actions directly influence the outcomes they experience. Essentially, it’s the feeling that you have agency and influence over your life and future.

Question 10

• External Locus of Control

Answer 10

l refers to the belief that external factors, such as fate, luck, or other people, are responsible for the outcomes of life

Question 11

• Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 11

people tend to develop a preference for things they are familiar with due to repeated exposure, i like football because thats all my brothers watch

Question 12

• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 12

a situation where a belief or expectation about something, even if initially false, leads to actions that ultimately make the prediction come true.
if a teacher believes a student is bright, they may give that student more attention and opportunities, leading to a student who performs well, fulfilling the teacher’s initial belief

Question 13

• Social Comparison

Answer 13

the process of evaluating one’s own abilities, opinions, and accomplishments by comparing them to those of others. It’s a way people assess themselves and their place in society.

Question 14

• Upward Social Comparison

Answer 14

the process of evaluating oneself by comparing oneself to individuals or groups perceived as superior in some way. This comparison often involves focusing on the desire to improve or reach a higher level of ability or status.

Question 15

• Downward Social Comparison

Answer 15

individuals evaluate themselves against others perceived as less fortunate or inferior, often used to enhance self-esteem or feel better about their own situation

Question 16

• Relative Deprivation

Answer 16

the feeling of being worse off or lacking compared to others, particularly in terms of social position, resources, or opportunities. It arises from the perception that one’s own situation is unfavorable in comparison to a specific reference group or standard, leading to feelings of dissatisfaction or resentment.