4.1 definitions

Question 1

Nomenclature

Answer 1

is the naming system for compounds

Question 2

A homologous series

Answer 2

is a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2.

Question 3

An aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 3

is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.

Question 4

An alicyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 4

is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.

Question 5

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 5

contain at least one benzene ring.

Question 6

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alcohol?

Answer 6

-OH, hydroxy-, -ol

Question 7

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 7

-CHO (double bonded oxygen ), no prefix. -al

Question 8

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alkane?

Answer 8

C-C, no prefix and -ane

Question 9

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alkene?

Answer 9

C=C, no prefix and -ene

Question 10

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 10

-COOH (double bonded oxygen), no prefix and -oic acid

Question 11

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for a haloalkane?

Answer 11

• F, Floro-, no suffix
• Cl, chloro-,
• Br, bromo,
• I, ido-,

Question 12

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for a ketone?

Answer 12

C-CO-C, no prefix and -one

Question 13

Saturated compound

Answer 13

have only single bonds

Question 14

A functional group

Answer 14

is a group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a chemical.

Question 15

General formula

Answer 15

is the simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series.

Question 16

A displayed formula

Answer 16

shows the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them

Question 17

A structural formula

Answer 17

provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Question 18

Empirical formula

Answer 18

show the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of the elements in a compound.

Question 19

skeletal formula

Answer 19

is the simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains.

Question 20

unsaturated organic compunds

Answer 20

contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond.

Question 21

Hydrocarbons

Answer 21

are compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.

Question 22

Saturated organic compunds

Answer 22

contain only single covalent bonds.

Question 23

molecular formula

Answer 23

shows the numbers and type of the atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 24

structual isomers

Answer 24

are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structual formulae.

Question 25

A functional group

Answer 25

is a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

Question 26

stereoisomers

Answer 26

are organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structual formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space.

Question 27

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 27

is a type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C bond are the same.

Question 28

E/Z isomerism

Answer 28

is a type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond- two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond.

Question 29

Reaction mechanisms

Answer 29

are models that show the movement of electron pairs during a reaction.

Question 30

Curly arrows

Answer 30

model the flow of electron pairs during reaction mechanisms.

Question 31

Homolytic fission

Answer 31

happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals.

Question 32

Radicals

Answer 32

are species with one or more unpaired electron.

Question 33

Heterolytic fission

Answer 33

happens when one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pair.

Question 34

Alkanes

Answer 34

are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons

Question 35

A homologous series

Answer 35

is a family of organic compounds that have the same functional group, but successive members differ by CH2.

Question 36

A hydrocarbon

Answer 36

is an organic molecule that contains only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.

Question 37

complete combustion

Answer 37

is oxidising a fuel in a plentiful supply of air

Question 38

incomplete combustion

Answer 38

is oxidising a fuel in a limited supply of air.

Question 39

alkenes

Answer 39

are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Question 40

Unsaturated organic compunds

Answer 40

contain at least one multiple C=C bond.

Question 41

Stereoisomers

Answer 41

have the same structual formula but different arrangements in space.

Question 42

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 42

is a type of E/Z isomerism in which two substituent groups attached to each carbon atom in the C=C bond are the same.

Question 43

An electrophile

Answer 43

is an electron pair acceptor.

Question 44

A reaction mechanism

Answer 44

is a model that shows the movement of electrons in an organic reaction.

Question 45

Monomers

Answer 45

are small molecules that are used to make polymers.

Question 46

Polymers

Answer 46

are macromolecules made from small repeating units.

Question 47

A repeating unit

Answer 47

is a specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in a structure over and over again.

Question 48

Biodegradable

Answer 48

materials are affected by the action of microorganisms and environmental conditions, leading to decomposition.

Question 49

A bioplastic

Answer 49

is a material made from a renewable scource that is biodegradeable.