Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > 41. Hyperlipidemia Medications > Flashcards

41. Hyperlipidemia Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of primary hyperlipidemia

A

genetic or familial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of secondary hyperlipidemia

A

More common

  • dietary habits
  • DM
  • alcoholism
  • hypothyroidism
  • obesity
  • obstructive liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 types of lipoproteins

A

HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 types of lipids that form lipoproteins

A
  • cholesterol
  • phospholipids
  • triglycerides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common lipids (90%); 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone; major storage of fat in the body and only type of lipid that serves as an important energy source

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of lipid that forms when a phosphate group replaces a fatty acid in a triglyceride; essential to building plasma membranes; best known are lecithins (egg yolks and soybeans)

A

phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cholesterol is most widely known; vital component of plasma membranes and building block of essential biochemicals; synthesized by liver and diet from animal products (don’t need diet); only need minute amount (< 300mg/day)

A

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is contained in every lipoprotein?

A

cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride bound to a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Desired range of lipids

A
  • total cholesterol: 150-200
  • triglycerides: 40-150
  • LDL: <100
  • HDL: >60
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nonpharmacologic methods to reduce cholesterol

A
  • low-fat diet
  • Mediterranean diet or DASH diet
  • increased intake of fiber
  • exercise
  • smoking cessation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

general characteristics of antidyslipidemics

A
  • decrease blood lipids
  • prevent/delay atherosclerosis
  • promote regression of existing plaques
  • reduce morbidity and mortality from CAD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of statins (Rosuvastatin)

A

inhibition of enzyme HMC-CoA reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis -> decreases LDL and slightly increases HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if statins are withdrawn

A
  • cholesterol and LDL levels return to pretreatment levels (usually lifetime commitment)
  • abrupt withdrawal can lead to 3x rebound effect that may cause death from MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

uses for Rosuvastatin

A
  • decrease LDL, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis
  • CAD risk reduction in DM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Side effect/adverse effects of Rosuvastatin

A
  • rhabdomyolysis
  • elevated liver enzymes
  • myopathy
  • hepatotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is Rosuvastatin contraindicated

A
  • acute hepatic disease

- pregnancy (category X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pt teaching for Rosuvastatin

A
  • may take several weeks for lipid levels to decrease
  • need for liver enzymes to be monitored
  • take in evening w/ meal
  • avoid grapefruit/grapefruit juice -> toxic levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What should patients do before a lipid panel is done?

A

fast for 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What class of meds is Cholestyramine

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA of Cholestyramine

A

forms a resin that limits the reabsorption of bile acids in the intestines which causes bile acids to be excreted in feces

21
Q

Uses of Cholestyramine

A
  • lower LDL
  • itching caused by liver disease
  • diarrhea
22
Q

Adverse effects of Cholestyramine

A
  • GI effects such as ABD fullness
  • flatulence
  • constipation
  • osteoporosis
  • Vitamin A, D, and K deficiency
23
Q

How is Cholestyramine administered?

A

power (mixed w/ food or liquids)

24
Q

nursing implications for Cholestyramine

A
  • avoid taking other meds w/ it (blocks absorption)

- wait 4-6 hours after administration to take any other meds

25
Q

What class of meds is Gemfibrozil?

A

Fibrates

26
Q

MOA of Gemfibrozil

A

decrease hepatic production of triglycerides and VLDL and increases HDL

27
Q

Uses of Gemfibrozil

A

hyperlipoproteniemia and hypertriglyceridemia

28
Q

Adverse effects of Gemfibrozil

A
  • GI discomfort
  • diarrhea
  • gallstones
29
Q

What class of meds is Ezetimibe?

A

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

30
Q

MOA of Ezetimibe

A

blocks biliary and dietary cholesterol absorption in intestine

31
Q

uses of Ezetimibe

A

hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipoproteinemia

32
Q

Administration of Ezetimibe

A

needs to be taken at the same time each day

33
Q

Adverse effects of Ezetimibe

A
  • headache
  • diarrhea
  • arthralgia
  • ABD and back pain
  • rhabdomyolysis
34
Q

Which vitamin is Niacin

A

vitamin B3

35
Q

MOA of Niacin

A

reduces total LDL, VLDL, and triglyceride levels; increases HDL

36
Q

Use of Niacin

A
  • most effective in increasing HDL

- use w/ statins lowers LDL more than any other drug alone

37
Q

Adverse effects of Niacin

A

pruritus and gastric irritation (hard to tolerate)

38
Q

Patient education about Niacin

A
  • Nicotinamide (sold OTC) does NOT have lipid lowering effects
  • reduce flushing by taking ASA 325mg 30 min prior to niacin or Ibuprofen 200mg 60 min before niacin
  • take w/ cold water
39
Q

What class of meds is Alirocumab (Praulent)?

A

PSK9 Inhibitors (newest category indicated in drug resistant hypercholesterolemia and familia hypercholesterolemia)

40
Q

MOA of Alirocumab

A
  • block PSK9 (liver enzyme that binds to LDL receptors on liver causing higher plasma LDL)
  • PSK9 is unregulated when on statins (complementary effect; additional 60% lower of LDL)
41
Q

Administration of Alirocumab

A

subcutaneous injection every 14 or 28 days (monitor lipid panel)

42
Q

Side effects of Alirocumab

A
  • injection site reactions
  • hypersensitivity rash
  • no significant drug interactions
43
Q

Pt education for Cholestyramine

A
  • take before meals w/ plenty of fluids
  • should mix powder thoroughly
  • take other meds 1 hour before or 4 hours after administration
44
Q

Pt education for Gemfibrozil

A

should be taken w/ a meal

45
Q

What should patients taking statins report?

A
  • unusual or unexplained muscle tenderness
  • increasing muscle pain
  • numbness/tingling to extremities
  • changes in ADLs
46
Q

What should patients taking bile acid resins report?

A
  • severe nausea
  • heart burn
  • constipation or straining w/ passing stools
  • any tarry stools or jaundice
47
Q

What should patients taking niacin report?

A
  • flank, joint, or ABD pain

- jaundice

48
Q

What should patients taking fibrates report?

A
  • unusual bleeding or bruising
  • RUQ ABD pain
  • muscle cramping
  • changes in color of stool
49
Q

What is a physical warning sign of a pt w/ high cholesterol?

A

cholesterol deposits around the eyes (xanthelasma) -> don’t disappear w/ treatment

Pharmacology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions