48: Urinary Drugs Flashcards
common causes of UTI
- E coli
- staph
- klebsiella
- proteus
- pseudomonas
most common cause of pyelonephritis
E coli
describe nitrofurantoin
- bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on dosage
- effective against many gram (+) and gram (-) organisms -> especially E coli
- used for UTIs
side effects/adverse effects of
- anorexia
- N/V/D
- ABD pain
- C diff associated diarrhea
- peripheral neuropathy
- brown urine discoloration
how long does it take for nitrofurantoin to treat UTI
within 10 days (significant improvement within 2 days)
MOA of methenamine
bactericidal the urine is acidic (pH < 5.5)
uses of methenamine
- chronic UTIs
- effected for E coli and pseudomonas
side effects/adverse effects of methenamine
N/V
- crystalluria
- elevated hepatic enzymes
nursing considerations for methenamine
- avoid taking w/ sulfonamides
- consume acidic foods an fluids
drugs used for UTIs
- nitrofurantoin
- methenamine
- trimethoprim and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (abx)
- fluoroquinolones
MOA of phenazopyridine
relieve pain, burning sensation, urinary frequency, and urgency
side effects/adverse effects of phenazopyridine
- GI distress
- red-orange urine (harmless)
- hemolytic anemia
- nephrotoxicity
- hepatotoxicity
what medication is used for urinary retention
bethanechol (neuro)
MOA of oxybutynin
direct action on smooth muscle to relieve spasms
side effects/adverse effects oxybutynin
- drowsiness, dizziness
- blurred vision, tachycardia
- dry mouth
- GI distress
- constipation
