ENDOCRINE Flashcards
1
Q
What causes type I diabetes?
A
-pancreatic insufficiency of insulin production
2
Q
What causes type II diabetes?
A
- hyperglycemia
- insulin resistance
- impaired insulin secretion
3
Q
Risk Factors for Type 1 DM
A
- presence of specific protein that forms antibodies
- family hx
- dietary factors
- type 1 or 2 DM in any 1st degree relative
- increased risk if father has DM
4
Q
Risk Factors for Type 2 DM
A
- FHx
- obesity
- ethnicity (AA, Hispanic, Native American)
- GDM
- triglyceridemia or low HDL
- impaired glucose tolerance/fasting glucose
5
Q
How is DM diagnosed?
A
- sxs of DM + casual glucose > 200
- fasting plasma glucose > 126
- 2 hour post prandial oral glucose tolerance test >200
6
Q
How often should HgbA1c be tested? What is the goal level?
A
-q3 months and goal
7
Q
How often should DM patients get an eye exam?
A
yearly
8
Q
How often should DM pts have cholesterol checked? What is the goal?
A
- yearly
- LDL 40M, >50W
- TG
9
Q
How often should microalbuminuria be checked? What is the goal level?
A
- yearly
- goal 30)
10
Q
How often should BP be checked in DM pts? What is the goal level?
A
-every visit
-
11
Q
What are some potential complications of DM?
A
- nephropathy
- chronic skin infxs
- neuropathy: peripheral neuropathy (monofilament test)
- ocular: diabetic cataracts, retinopathy
12
Q
Symptoms:
- Fatigue, lethargy, weakness
- Cold intolerance
- Weight gain
- Myalgias, arthralgias
- Constipation, menstrual changes
- Hair loss
A
Hypothyroidism
13
Q
Symptoms:
- Polyuria
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Weight loss
- Look ill
- Decreased C-peptide
A
Type 1 DM
14
Q
Symptoms:
- Weight gain
- Menstrual changes
- Hirsutism
- HTN
- Easy bruising, proximal muscle weakness
- Decreased libido
A
Cushing Dz
15
Q
Symptoms:
- Nervousness, emotional lability
- Irregular menses
- Sweating, heat intolerance
- Fatigue
- Increased appetite, weight loss
- Diarrhea
A
Hyperthyroidism
