4.1.1 Basic concepts Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(21 cards)
hydrocarbon
a compound contain C and H atoms only
saturated
a compound containing only single c-c bonds
unsaturated
a compound containing multiple bonds, can accept more hydrogen
catenation
carbons unique ability to make long chains of C atoms
isomers
molecules with the same molecular formulae but different strucutres
empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in the compounds
molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
functional groups
the functional group of a compound is the group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
homologous series
a homologous series is a family of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2. Their chemical properties are similar but their physical properties show gradations
alkane general formula
CnH2n+2
alkene general formula
CnH2n
alcohol general formula
CnH2n+2O
general formula
simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
structural formula
minimal detail showing the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule
displayed formula
shows the relative positioning of atoms and bonds between them
skeletal formula
simplified organic formula by removing H atoms from C chains leaving just a C skeleton and associated functional groups
aliphatic compounds
contain carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight or branched chains or non-aromatic rings
alicyclic compounds
aliphatic compounds arranged in non-aromatic rings, with or without side chains
aromatic compounds
compounds containing benzene rings
unsaturated
contain one or more double carbon bonds
structural isomers
they have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
