4.1.1 Basics of organic chemistry

Question 1

homologous series

Answer 1

a series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 2

aliphatic

Answer 2

carbon atoms joined in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

Question 3

alicyclic

Answer 3

non aromatic rings (with or without side chains)

Question 4

aromatic

Answer 4

containing benzene ring

Question 5

an alkane contains at least 1

Answer 5

C-C bond

Question 6

an alkene contains at least 1

Answer 6

C=C bond

Question 7

an alkyne contains at least 1

Answer 7

C≡C bond

Question 8

isomer

Answer 8

different chemical compounds with the same molecular formula

Question 9

structural isomer

Answer 9

• compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
• consist of chain isomers, position isomers and functional group isomers

Question 10

chain isomer

Answer 10

type of structural isomer

- due to branching of hydrocarbon chain

Question 11

position isomer

Answer 11

type of structural isomer

- due to movement of functional group along hydrocarbon chain

Question 12

functional group isomer

Answer 12

type of structural isomer

• isomers belong to different homologous series
  eg. C3H6O could be propanal or propanone

Question 13

homolytic fission

Answer 13

symmetrical bond fission where each bonded atom takes one of the shared electrons from the bond when it is broken.

Each atom has a single unpaired electron - is a RADICAL

Question 14

heterolytic fission

Answer 14

asymmetrical bond fission where one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the covalent bond.

Atom which takes both electrons is a -ve ion
Atom which takes neither electrion is a +ve ion

Question 15

radical

Answer 15

a species with an unpaired electron

Question 16

what does a curly arrow show?

Answer 16

the movement of an electron pair