2003 lessons

Question 1

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 1

CAN be inherited

Question 2

poliovirus

Answer 2

has an infectious ssRNA

Question 3

poxviruses

Answer 3

encode growth factors and do not require host nuclear functions to replicate

Question 4

rubella

Answer 4

Can be transplacentally transmitted
B. Is controlled by vaccination
C. Causes foetal abnormalities
D. Is spread by respiratory aerosol

Question 5

mhc class 1

Answer 5

close end binding groove, associate with beta2 microglobulin

Question 6

T cell receptor diversity is generated by

Answer 6

Selection of different D and J region segments
Junctional diversity
Pairing of different α and β chains

Question 7

in transplantation

Answer 7

Hyperacute rejection is often due to pre-existing antibody
B. An allograft may be a transplant between siblings
C. Acute rejection may be T cell mediated
D. Absence of lymphatic drainage is a common feature of immune privileged sites
E. HLA-matching is NOT very important for liver transplant survival

Question 8

IgM:

Answer 8

Is the first immunoglobulin class produced in a primary response
B. May have low affinity but high avidity for antigen
Can be secreted

Question 9

Regarding blood group antigens:

Answer 9

Haemolytic disease of the newborn involves complement mediated lysis of antibody
coated foetal red blood cells
D. Expression of the ABO blood group antigens is co-dominant
E. Anti-rhesus antibodies (Rhogam) are used to prevent haemolytic disease of the
newborn

Question 10

The following correctly describe features of antibodies:

Answer 10

Maternal IgM is NOT present in human foetal blood

E. IgA is very important in protecting mucosal surfaces

Question 11

In antigen presenting cells:

Answer 11

Co-stimulatory molecule expression is a defining feature of professional antigen
presenting cells
The proteasome generates the majority of peptides for MHC class I molecules
Invariant chain targets class II molecules to endosomes

Question 12

In T helper cell development

Answer 12

Macrophages are an important source of IL-12
B. A TH2 response is enhanced by IL-4
C. A TH2 response is inhibited by IFN-γ
D. IL-10 is important in driving a TH2 response
E. TH1 cells produce cytokines that support cell mediated responses

Question 13

Auto immune diseases

Answer 13

May be due to release of sequestered antigen

Question 14

Factors that influence the induction of tolerance include

Answer 14

The solubility of the antigen
B. The route of antigen administration
C. The antigen dose
D. The age of the animal
E. The presence of adjuvant

Question 15

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer 15

Involves IgE
B. Involves mast cells
Can be induced in some people by pollens

Question 16

the Arthus reaction

Answer 16

is a type of local type III hypersensitivity reaction

Question 17

Phagocytosis

Answer 17

Is facilitated by immunoglobulin

B. Is facilitated by complement component C3b

Question 18

The following are definitive components of granulation tissue:

Answer 18

Collagen
B. Macrophages
Proliferating endothelium
E. Regeneration epithelium

Question 19

In the innate immune response

Answer 19

Heat shock proteins released from necrotic cells may induce inflammation
Bacterial flagellin can be recognised by a Toll-like receptor
C. Acute phase proteins can enhance complement activation
D. Neutrophils are the major infiltrating cell in early inflammation

Question 20

Bacterial endotoxin

Answer 20

Is a component of lipopolysaccharide

C. Activates macrophages

Question 21

schistosomiasis or schistosomes

Answer 21

Humans are the definitive host

Schistosomes have an outer layer called the tegument

Question 22

malaria parasites

Answer 22

Malaria parasites are transmitted by an insect vector
B. Humans are NOT the definitive host
C. Malaria parasites cause destruction of red blood cells
D. Malaria parasites are antigenically diverse
E. Malaria parasites replicate in the liver

Question 23

Characteristic mammalian immune response to worm infestations include

Answer 23

Eosinophils
B. IL-4
C. IgE
D. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)