EXAM #2: BLOOD GROUPS & COMPATIBILITY TESTING Flashcards

1
Q

In transfusion medicine, where are antigens?

A

These are proteins on the RBC

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2
Q

In transfusion medicine, where are antibodies located?

A

Serum

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3
Q

What classes make-up the majority of antibodies that we are concerned with in transfusion medicine?

A

IgG and IgM

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4
Q

What is the difference between an allo and an autoantibody?

A
Allo= non-self 
Auto= self
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5
Q

What class of antibodies causes severe intravascular hemolysis?

A

IgM

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6
Q

What class of antibodies causes delayed extravascular hemolysis?

A

IgG

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7
Q

Which class of antibodies crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

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8
Q

What blood groups are the most important consideration in transfusion?

A

ABO

*****ABO mismatch causes intravascular hemolytic transfusion reaction.

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9
Q

What is the Bombay phenotype?

A

Patients who lack the H-antigen, which is normally present on 99.9% of RBCs

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10
Q

What is group A antigen?

A

N-Acetyoglactosamine added to H antigen

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11
Q

What is group B antigen?

A

Galactosamine added to the H antigen

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12
Q

What is AB group antigen?

A

BOTH N-Acetylgalatosamine and Galactosamine

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13
Q

What is O antigen?

A

ONLY H antigen

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14
Q

If a patient gets an A gene from Mom, and an O gene from Dad, what is the phenotype?

A

A

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15
Q

When is the adult level of ABO antigen reached?

A

3 years

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16
Q

What class are the ABO antibodies?

A

IgM

17
Q

What type of antibodies are generated against group O?

A

Anti-A and Anti-B

18
Q

What type of antibodies are formed against AB?

A

Neither

19
Q

What is the antigens in the Rh system that are of concern?

A
  • “Big D”
  • C
  • E
20
Q

What is the typical phenotype of a Caucasian in the Rh system?

A

DCe

21
Q

What is the typical phenotype of Black patients in the Rh system?

A

Dce

22
Q

What is the Rh negative phenotype?

A

dce

23
Q

What is Rh positive and negative referring to?

A

Presence or absence of D antigen

24
Q

What class of antibodies is generated against Rh?

A

IgG

25
Q

What is HDFN?

A

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

  • Rh- Mom
  • Rh+ baby x2

In the second pregnancy there is an issue.*

26
Q

What is RhoGAM?

A
  • Synthetic Anti-D is given to a Rh- mother

- Intent is for the Anti-D to attach to baby Rh factor and “conceal” them from the Mom’s immune system

27
Q

What are the two parts of blood typing?

A

1) Front-type
2) Back-type

Needs to be agreement on both of these to determine the blood type

28
Q

What is the DAT looking for?

A

Antibody or complement attached to RBCs
- IgG class

This is looking at the RBCs*

29
Q

What is the IAT looking for?

A

In vitro antibody sensitization

30
Q

What is compatibility testing?

A

Test donor plasma and patient blood