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Body synthetic > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Shunt Check method of convection

A

Thermal Conduction, chill shunt upstream, check for temp drop

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2
Q

Anatomical Fit Criteria

A

Placement in body, Connection to circulatory system

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3
Q

Total Articial Heart uses what to provide power of movement

A

Pneumatic Pressure hoses

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4
Q

TAH anatomical fit

A
  • integrated with both atria
  • all valves are replaced
  • pneumatic lines penetrate diaphragm
  • remains OUTSIDE of the body
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5
Q

this type of heart assisting device can have either internal or external pumps

A

LVAD

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6
Q

first rotary blood pump with hydromagnetic contact-free bearings

A

centrifugal pump

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7
Q

Axial Pump- brand name

A

Impella

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8
Q

Artificial Heart can be _ _ or _

A

Heart Replacement, LVAD or BiVAD

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9
Q

Two types of LVAD

A

pulsatile and nonpulsatile

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10
Q

Lenght of use

A

short term, bridge to transplant, not a permenant solution

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11
Q

Mean Flow Rate (norm)

A

3-5 L/min

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12
Q

Systemic Vascular Resistance (norm)

A

24-29 wood units

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13
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (norm)

A

2.8-3.9 wood units

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14
Q

Cardiac Index (norm)

A

2.5-4.0

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15
Q

Systemic Arterial Pressure (norm)

A

90-140/60-90 mmHg

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16
Q

Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (norm)

A

15-39/8-14 mmHg

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17
Q

Right Arterial Pressure (norm)

A

0-7 mmHg

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18
Q

Left Arterial Pressure (norm)

A

4-12 mmHg

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19
Q

Cardiac Index

A

Cardiac Output/ Total Body Surface Area

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20
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Mean Arterial Pressure - Right Arterial Pressure/Systemic Arterial Resistance

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21
Q

Blood Pump Mechanical Power

A

~ 1 W

22
Q

Frequency

A

~1-2Hz (1 - 2 beats /sec)

23
Q

Partial pulsatile support needs to be synchronized with this device

A

EKG

24
Q

atrium to aorta, apex to aorta and apex to abdominal aorta are example of what connection

A

LVAD connection/interface

25
Q

High Shear Rate leads to

A

Hemoloysis (damage to blood cells)

26
Q

Low Shear Rate leads to

A

Thrombus (clotting)

27
Q

Human body can remove 20g/day of _____________ 14 by renal system and 6 by reticularendothelium system

A

hemoglobin

28
Q

Blood Compatibility tests

A

Shear Rate Studies, Hemolysis, Thrombus Formation

29
Q

Flow Studies

A 
Laser anemometry 
Particle visualization
Surface washout (dye on the surface)
Stagnation areas (dye in the volume)
Valve flow (presence of jets, turbulence)
30
Q

= [ΔHb V * (100- Ht)] / [(QT)/100]

A

NIH(g/100L) Normal Index of Hemolysis

31
Q

= [ΔHbV(100-Ht)/ T]

A

HRI (g/hr) Hemolysis Rate Index

32
Q

Common Materials Used

A

Polyurethane, Titanium, Stainless Steel, Tygon Medical/Surgical tubing, Latex

33
Q

Animal Studies

A

Calves (TAH)
Goats (LVAD)
Sheep (LVAD)
Rats (!) Ventricle loading and unloading by LVAD procedure

34
Q

Animal Model Inaccuracies

A 
Geometry/anatomy
Calcification of membranes and valves
Thrombosis
Growth
Animals are healthy before implantation
35
Q

Mechanical Heart Support Issues

A 
Micro thrombo-embolism 
Hemolysis
Neurological problems
Infection
Pulmonary hypertension
Acquired von Willebrand disease
36
Q

Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electromechanical

A

3 types of drivers

37
Q

Low-current low duty cycle stimulators

A

Pacemaker

38
Q

High-current single pulse stimulators

A

Defibulators

39
Q

Asynchronous Pacemaker Pulse with fixed frequency

A

70-90 bpm

40
Q

Asynchronous Pacemaker Voltage and Current

A

5-5.5 volts and 8-10 miliAmps

41
Q

What is the most likely to fail in a pacemaker?

A

Lead wires

42
Q

What are electrode made out of

A

platinum alloys, platinum with stainless steel, Eligiloy (cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, molybdenum, manganese and traces of other metals

43
Q

Asynchronous Problem

A

the excitation may occur too soon causing fibrillation or tachycardia

44
Q

Asynchronous Solution

A

frequency is higher than natural heart frequency

45
Q

Synchronous pacemakers

A

demand (based on p-wave) and atrial (based on SA node)

46
Q

external pacemaker

A

80 mA pulses

50 cm^2 electrodes placed on the chest

47
Q

Pacemakers

A

can only trigger the heart cycle, cannot control the execution

48
Q

Defibrillator

A

resets the muscle cells so they can be synchronized again

49
Q

When T wave is present a ____________ impulse needs to be applied

A

synchronization

50
Q

Intra Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)

A

When aortic valve opens the balloon is deflated, Balloon filled with CO2

51
Q

Pump types

A

Roller pumps
Multiple finger pumps
Pulsatile pumps
Centrifugal pumps

52
Q

Oygenators

A 
Film type (large rotating disc in direct contact with 100% oxygen)
Membrane oxygenator

Body synthetic (4 decks)

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