Chapter 5: Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Considerations

Question 1

result from the entrance of the drug into the circulatory system and transport to the cellular site of its action

Answer 1

systemic effects

Question 2

oral route of administration: systemic effect or local effect

Answer 2

systemic effect

Question 3

most natural, uncomplicated, convenient and safe means of administering drugs

Answer 3

oral route

Question 4

disadvantages of oral route

Answer 4

slow drug response,
chance of irregular absorption of drugs,
destruction of certain drugs by the acid reaction of the stomach

Question 5

rectal route of administration: systemic effect or local effect

Answer 5

both

Question 6

solid bodies of various weights and shapes intended for introduction into a body orifice

Answer 6

suppository

Question 7

route preferred for drugs destroyed or inactivated by the environments of the stomach and intestines

Answer 7

rectal route

Question 8

route preferred when the patient is unconscious or incapable of swallowing

Answer 8

rectal route

Question 9

disadvantages of rectal route of administration

Answer 9

incovenient,

offensive

Question 10

parenteral route of administration: systemic effect or local effect

Answer 10

systemic effect

Question 11

three primary routes of parenteral administration

Answer 11

subcutaneous,
intramuscular,
intravenous

Question 12

route preferred for drugs destroyed or inactivated in the git or too poorly absorbed to provide satisfactory response

Answer 12

parenteral route

Question 13

route preferred when rapid absorption is essential

Answer 13

parenteral route

Question 14

route preferred in treating patients who are uncooperative, unconscious, or otherwise unable to accept oral medication

Answer 14

parenteral route

Question 15

disadvantage of parenteral route administration

Answer 15

no retreat

Question 16

entails injection through the skin into the loose subcutaneous tissue

Answer 16

subcutaneous injections

Question 17

example of drug administered by the subcutaneous route

Answer 17

insulin

Question 18

performed deep into the skeletal muscles

Answer 18

intramuscular

Question 19

specific parts of muscle for intramuscular injection

Answer 19

gluteal,

lumbar

Question 20

route preferred for drugs irritating to subcutaneous tissue

Answer 20

intramuscular injection

Question 21

an aqueous solution is injected directly into the vein

Answer 21

intravenous injection

Question 22

administered into the corium

Answer 22

intradermal injections

Question 23

common sites for injection include arm and back

Answer 23

intradermal injection

Question 24

administered topically or applied to the skin

Answer 24

epicutaneous route

Question 25

nitroglycerin

Answer 25

antianginal

Question 26

testosterone

Answer 26

male hormone

Question 27

oxybutynin

Answer 27

overactive bladder

Question 28

methylphenidate

Answer 28

adhd

Question 29

rivastigmine

Answer 29

dementia

Question 30

nicotine

Answer 30

smoking cessation

Question 31

estradiol

Answer 31

estrogenic hormone

Question 32

clonidine

Answer 32

antihypertensive

Question 33

scopolamine

Answer 33

antinausea,

anti-motion sickness

Question 34

usually viscud to prolong contact with affected area

Answer 34

ear preparations

Question 35

achieved by direct application of the drug to the desired site of action

Answer 35

local effects