abnormalities

Question 1

ICSI

Answer 1

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Question 2

when can ICSI embryo be transfered

Answer 2

3 day to 5 days

Question 3

hatching egg

Answer 3

take embryo out of zona pellucida

Question 4

problems with freezing technology

Answer 4

fragmentation of embryo

Question 5

two types of intrafallopian transfer

Answer 5

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT); for some women in religious sector, dont want to develop embryo outside of body
zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT);

Question 6

intrafallopian transfer

Answer 6

transfer to tube directly; benefit from tubal environment? mature in tube and then go to uterine cavite

Question 7

genomic imprinting

Answer 7

the condition whereby the extent of gene expression depends upon the sex of the parent that transmits the gene. aka parental imprinting

Question 8

H mole as example of genomic imprinting

Answer 8

overdevelopment of trophoblastic tissues and extreme underdevelopment of embryo

• results from fertilization of an egg by 2 spermatozoa
• consequent failure of maternal genome of the egg to participate in development or from the duplication of a sperm pronucleus in an empty egg

Question 9

genomic imprinting diseases

Answer 9

beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome
Angelman’s syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 10

diabetes, ADD, schizophrenia

Answer 10

could be related to genomic imprinting

Question 11

what ratio of twins are fraternal?

Answer 11

2/3,

Question 12

what can cause identical twins?

Answer 12

subdivision and splitting of a single embryo;
subdivision of ICM
subdivision of epithelial epiblast

Question 13

parasitic twins

Answer 13

much smaller but often remarkably complete portion of a body protrudes from the body of an otherwise normal host twin. oral, mediastinal and pelvic area.

Question 14

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 14

tubal, intestitital, cervical, abdominal
less than one percent
significant mortality and hemorrhage

Question 15

tubal pregnancy

Answer 15

most common ectopic pregnancy.
found with endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, previous surgery history
scarring or anatomical abnormalities result in blind pockets among the mucosal folds of the uterine tube.

Question 16

when is pain felt for tubal pregnancy?

Answer 16

acute abdomen around 2 to 21/2 month gestation. can be surgically or medically treated

Question 17

other types of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 17

ovarian pregnancy, abdominal pregnancy

Question 18

abdominal pregnancy

Answer 18

reflux of the fertilized eggs from the tube

penetration of the tubal pregnancy through the wall of the tube can be caused by tubal abortion

Question 19

types of abdominal pregnancy

Answer 19

pouch of douglas: most common site
implantation on the intestinal wall or mesentery is very dangerous due to likelihood of severe hemorrhage
litopedion; calcified embryo in abdomen

Question 20

cervical pregnancy

Answer 20

embryonic development is likely to be normal

placenta previa: increased mortality and morbidity of the mother due to severe hemorrhage