414 Flashcards

Question

Coluccio Salutati

Answer 1

Chancellor of Florence in late 14th century Humanist who created the myth of florentine republicanism

Answer 2

banker, patron of artrs, dates, his family members. Head of bank from 1469 to 1492.

Answer 3

421 - founding of VEnice a colection of lagoon commmunities AD 802 de facto independence from Byzantines Mid-11th century, neutrality Collapse of western ROman Empire Invasion of Germanic Poeples COntrol of the trade to the LEvant, wheat, spices. Participated in teh crusades. Fourth crusade 1202-04 gaiend terriotories in the aegean sea after dismemberment of Byzantien Empire. Arsenal, venetion fleet, 3300 ships, the galley, 1350-1381, war against Genoa, maritime republic in the Eastern MEditerranean, victory at Cioggia

Answer 4

1400-1450 Milanese expansion into Venetia under DUke GIan Galeazzo Visconti Venetian alliance with florence Creation of a terrafemra buffer zone Minimal Venetian intervention in mainland cities under her control

Answer 5

1. Arengo - legislature of all citizens 2. Maggior consiglio - 2000 members, session largely taken by electoral duties 3.1. Pregadi - 120 strong senate, day-to-day legislation 3.2 Coucil of 10 - 10 man, authority over government legislation 4. Minor COnsiglio - supervising doge's actions, power of veto 5. Collegio - cabinet 6. Doge - head of state

Answer 6

The Great Schism (1378–1417) was a split within the Catholic Church that resulted in multiple rival popes. It began when two factions of cardinals elected different popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon, causing a division in papal authority and loyalty across Europe. The schism was resolved in 1417 at the Council of Constance, which elected a single pope and ended the division.

Answer 7

1369-1415 Professor at the university of prague INfluenced by john Wycliffe, Oxford professor Critique of wordly power of the church Preached against indulgences and crusades Maintained neutrality in Great Schism His work, De Ecclesia, denies that the clergy constituted the major component of the church

Answer 8

Dealt with religious dissent (Hus) * Resolved Great Schism * Debate between pope and bishops on the relative power of papacy and church council

Answer 9

Pope martin V and the COuncil of FLorence, 1439-47 Asseritng papal supremacy; attempted union with orthodox churches. The Papacy as an Ecclesiastical state, spiritual + secular The inquistion udiciary and Finance: Rota, Indulgence, church offices * Mining (alum for dying) * Expansion of papal territories

Answer 10

Ended wars between Milan agaisnt Venetian-Florentine alliance Peace and stability for 50 years 1454

Answer 11

1369-1424 FOunder of a dynasty Father of Francesco Sforz From the lower nobility in Lombardy Succussful merc serving the king of naples

Answer 12

In 1266 after death of Fred II, the papacy gave Naples to Charles of Anjou (french) Struggle for Naples: Sforza the ELder switched sides from frEnch to aragonese

Answer 13

Salvestro de Medici, speaker for the woolmakers guild in Ciompi revolt * Giovanni di Bicci de Medici (1360-1429), founder of the Medici Bank * Cosimo di Giovanni di Medici (1389-1464), son of Giovanni, first de facto ruler behind the scenes in 1434 The Medici bank: branches in Rome, Venice, Pisa, Milan, Geneva, Avignon, Brugge, London, and Lübeck * Largest bank in Europe * Papal banker * Cosimo, banker to Anti-Pope John XXIII at Council of Constance * Marriage alliances with the Soderini, Altoviti, Pitti, etc. * Cosimo, primo inter pares; opposed by the Albizzi and Strozzi (old patricians), exile in 1433, return in 1434 * Controls politics through electoral manipulations Florentine diplomacy under Cosimo * Peace between Florence, Milan, and Venice at Treaty of Lodi 1454 * Balance of power * Florentine alliance with and support of the Sforza of Milan Lorenzo the Magnificent and his Enemies * Tutored by Marsilio Ficino, Platonist philosopher * Learned jousting, hawking, hunting, and riding * Ruled Florence through the city council by marriage alliance, payoffs, and threats * 1478 Pazzi Conspiracy supported by Pope Sixtus IV * Assassination in the cathedral: death of Giuliano, minor injury to Lorenzo * Brief war against the Papacy and Naples

Answer 14

1494 Ferdinand I of Naples died without an heir Charles VIII of France claimed the throne nbased on blood Sforza helped French atrocities and the league of Venice, uniting all Italian powers, SPain and Holy Roman Empire And the Italian wars dragged on, 1494-1559 * Regime changes in Florence: expulsion of the Medici and restoration of republican liberties 1494- 1512, 1527-30 * The Sack of Rome 1527 * Regime change in Milan: the end of the Sforzas in 1535 and Spanish rule

Answer 15

1449-94 Painter. "Accepting the rule of St. Francis". Painted for Franceso Sassetti, at Santa Trinita. INcludes Sassettis and Medicis. Fresco in Tornabuoni Chapel in Santa Maria Novella * Figure to th extreme right believed to be Lucrezia Tornabuoni, wife of Piero de' Medici * Third from right Giovanna degli Albizzi Tornabuoni, a daughter-in-law

Answer 16

1445-1510 "Adoration of the Magi" Three generation of medici, COsimo and Piero as Mago, Giovanni, Lorenzo and Giuliano Present "Madonna of the Magnificat" The Madonna modeled after Lucrezia Tornabuoni Mother of Lorenzo and spouse of Piero A young Lorenzo holding a pot of ink

Answer 17

Clothing as social representation * Body as representation of the self * Nudity and nature, immodesty and sin * Representations of humans in ancient art: marble and bronze, equestrian and standing statues, head busts The Medici Venus * Elite families in Renaissance Italy collected art from antiquity * This marble statue of Venus, posing in modesty, might have served as the model for Botticelli's "Birth of Venus" * Marble busts of ancient Romans also served as models for the busts of Piero and Giovanni Cosimo de' Medici

Answer 18

1452-98 Dominican friar in the COnvent of San Marco in Florence Sermons critisized the rich Prophesized God's scourge coming from the north, seemingly fulfilled in 1494 with the French invasion * Popular uprising drove out the Medici and their closest allies * Savonarola pleaded with Charles VIII to be God's sword A republican regime, with greater representation, was created at the urging of Savonarola * The prophet promised spiritual renewal and political greatness * Continued his sermons despite ban by Pope Alexander VI, who was angry at Florence's refusal to join the Anti-French league * S. condemned same-sex acts, theater, gaming, and luxuries * Squads of zealots * Excommunicated bu the pope in 1497 * Trail by fire rained out; arrest and execution in 1498

Answer 19

Born as illegitimate child to a cleric * Study at the Brethren of the Modern Life * Entered monastery * Studied at the University of Paris * Left monastic orders * Study, publishing, and travels in France, England, and the Low Countries

Answer 20

Seventeenth provinces, unified under Duke of Burgundy. Rule passed onto Habsburgs, centers of manufacture and trade Brugges, Gent etc.

Answer 21

Elizabeth is pregnant Mary also, but she doesn't yet know They are all women Everyone wears curtains, except for two person, who is ot a biblical figure - she is a contemporary of Ghirlandaio, Lucrecia Turnabuoni, wife of Piero de medici, dressed like a nun other is daughter in law, dressed normally. Initially medici, but married to one of the sons.

Answer 22

depict the biblical story of John the Baptist Left: cycle of frescos about Virgin Mary Right: cycle of frescos about John the baptists The visitation of John the Baptist

Answer 23

crucifixion in Byzantine art, 9th century Thebes 12th century, Monastery of St Catherine, SInai hypostasis - what's stand behind the visible reality, the divinity of Christ emotionless - they don't need to convey emotions, in their regalia, they had already conveyed everything the artist wanted to

Answer 24

new, cool art. Studied with Cimbue. emotion Dante spirit of self-expression

Answer 25

re-birth in Christian sense, be recreated in a perfect form Re-formation - return order to what became disorderly

Answer 26

dead 1496 re-birth of classic had taken place

Answer 27

- reformation - "the world is falling apart" "Das Reich wird uns doch bleiben" - only optimistic about the after-world

414 Flashcards

(51 cards)