41.4 adaptations to digestion (diet)

Question 1

dentals: carnivore

Answer 1

pointed incisors and canines

Question 2

dentals: herbivores

Answer 2

broad ridges for grinding

Question 3

dentals: omnivores

Answer 3

canines-tearing
molars-grinding
incisors- biting

Question 4

stomach and intestines: carnivores

Answer 4

large expandable

-eat as much as possible-b/c long time between meals

Question 5

stomach and intestines: herbivores/ omnivores

Answer 5

longer alimentary canals

• vegetables harder to digest
• more absorption of nutrients

Question 6

mutualism: herbivores

Answer 6

microorganisms help digest plants (cellulose)

-and sugars, nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids

Question 7

hoatzin

Answer 7

herbivorous bird with a crop full of microorganisms -cellulose break down

Question 8

horses

Answer 8

-microorganisms in large cecum

Question 9

rabbits

Answer 9

bacteria in large intestines and cecum

• but the nutrients are usually lost when they poop so that have to …
• coprophagy: eat their own poop

Question 10

koala

Answer 10

enlarged cecum

bacteria ferment eucalyptus leaves

Question 11

ruminants

Answer 11

herbivores (deer, sheep, cattle)

• 1) first swallow enters rumen and reticulum
  2) prokaryotes and protists break up cellulose
  3) cow regurgitate to break up more fibers
  4) 2nd swallow takes to the omasum - water reabsorption
  5) abomasum -digestion by cow’s own enzymes