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sociology > Sociology Chapter 3 Micro Look into culture > Flashcards

Sociology Chapter 3 Micro Look into culture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Socialization?

A

The lifelong learning process by which individuals develop human potential and learn culture.

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2
Q

What is the definition of Social Rules?

A

Collection of culturally determined rights, obligations, and expectations that accompany a social status.

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3
Q

Culturally determined rules must?

A

Be learned

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4
Q

What is differential socialization?

A

Members of the same society or a family are socialized differently because of the roles they are expected to perform. ( as Gender roles, birth order)

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5
Q

What is role set?

A

Patterns of expected behavior attached to a particular role or status.

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6
Q

What is role strain?

A

One role makes conflicting demands.

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7
Q

What is role conflict?

A

Different roles make incompatible demands.

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8
Q

What is Master Role?

A

Role that dominates other roles.

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9
Q

What is impression management?

A

Conscious manipulation of props to convey an image.

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10
Q

What is the definition of personality?

A

A person’s fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling.

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11
Q

What is key to our humanity?

A

Social experiences are foundational.

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12
Q

What is belief in role of nature?

A

behavior was instinctive. Simply our nature.

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13
Q

What is belief in role of nurture?

A

Behavior is learned not instinctive.

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14
Q

John B Watson developed a theory called?

A

Behaviorism. Not nature but nurture. Behavior is learned.

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15
Q

What theory did Sigmund Freud develop?

A

Psychoanalysis, Human personality

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16
Q

ID is Latin for ?

A

“It”. basic need of humans for immediate satisfaction.

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17
Q

Ego is Latin for?

A

“I”. A child must learn to see the world realistically. Not self centered.

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18
Q

Superego is Latin for?

A

“Above and beyond ego.” Cultural values and norms internalized. Acts as a conscience telling us why we can’t have everything we want.

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19
Q

Superego represses?

A

Selfishness. Competing demands of self and society

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20
Q

Sublimation redirects?

A

Selfish drives into socially acceptable behavior.

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21
Q

What are the three elements in Freud’s model of personality?

A

Id, Ego, Superego

22
Q

What did Jean Piaget study?

A

Human Cognition, how people think and understand.

23
Q

What are the four stages of cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete stage, formal operational stage

24
Q

What did Lawrence Kohlberg study?

A

Moral Development

25
Q

What is moral development?

A

How individuals judge right from wrong

26
Q

What are the three stages of moral development

A

pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

27
Q

What did Carol Gilligan study?

A

How gender effects moral development

28
Q

What was Carol Gilligan’s conclusion of her study?

A

The two sexes use different standards of rightness.

29
Q

Carol Gilligan claims boys have what kind of moral perspective?

A

Males have a justice perspective. They see right and wrong through formal rules. “Rule Based”

30
Q

Carol Gilligan claimed girls have what kind of moral perspective?

A

Females have a care and responsibility perspective. They

judge by personal relationships/loyalty. “Person Based”

31
Q

Nancy Chodorow claims that most children grow up in an environment where?

A

Mothers do much more nurturing then fathers. So girls take after their mothers and are more caring and nurturing towards others where boys develop a more formal detached personality like their fathers.

32
Q

George Herbert Mead Developed what theory?

A

“Social behaviorism” How social experiences develop an individual’s personality.

33
Q

George Mead’s concept is about?

A

“self” Self Awareness/Self Image

34
Q

Mead disagrees with Freud and Paget how?

A

He rejects their claims that personality is guided by biological drives and maturation. Mead says self is not there at birth, It is developed through social experiences.

35
Q

Mead coined the term taking..?

A

“the role of another”. We can “walk in another’s shoes” children imitate/act out important people in their life.

36
Q

Charles Horton Cooley coined the term?

A

“The looking glass self” Seeing yourself how others see you.

37
Q

What are Erik H. Erikson’s eight stages of development?

A

Infancy, Toddlerhood, Preschool, Preadolescent, Adolescent, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Older Adulthood

38
Q

In 2011 how many U.S. citizens considered themselves to be two or more racial categories?

A

8.7 Million, or 2.8% twice as many as reported in 2000 at only 1.4%

39
Q

In 2012 what percent of births in the U.S. were considered interracial?

A

6% of all births in the U.S. were of mixed race.

40
Q

According to Melvin Kohn Lower class/income families instill/ look for what in their children?

A

“obedience” As parents hold jobs where they perform routines under close supervision, they expect their children to hold similar jobs and instill obedience.

41
Q

According to Melvin Kohn Upper Class families instill/expect what in their children.

A

They teach their children independence want them to think for themselves. As these parents hold jobs that are more independent and inspire creativity and imagination they inspire those traits in their children.

42
Q

What are peer groups?

A

Those who have interests ,age, and social class in common.

43
Q

What is Anticipatory Socialization?

A

Learning that helps a person to achieve a desired social position.

44
Q

What percentage of U.S. homes have computers?

A

76%

45
Q

What percentage of U.S. homes have internet?

A

72%

46
Q

What percentage of U.S. homes have Television?

A

97% have tv and phones

47
Q

How many children of the world work?

A

215,000,000 60% at farming and 1/2 the worlds working children are in Asia

48
Q

What is Gerontology?

A

The study of the elderly.

49
Q

What is total institution?

A

A setting in which people are isolated.

50
Q

What are the three characteristics of total institution?

A

Supervised, controlled, Formal rules for the purpose of re-socialization. Changing personality by a carefully controlled environment.

sociology (8 decks)

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