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Anatomy Lab > Quiz 1 (Body organization, epithelial/connective tissues, skin, facial bones) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 (Body organization, epithelial/connective tissues, skin, facial bones) Flashcards

1
Q

bilateral

A

relating to two sides of the body

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2
Q

ipsilateral

A

relating to the same side

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3
Q

contralateral

A

relating to the opposite side

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4
Q

axilla

A

armpit

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5
Q

supraorbital margin

A

superciliary ridge

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6
Q

auricle

A

exterior of ear

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7
Q

cubital fossa (antecubitis)

A

depression immediatly distal to bicep

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8
Q

inguinal ligament

A

forms the superior boundry of the femoral triangle

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9
Q

gluteus medius

A

small muscle superior and lateral to the gluteus maximus

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10
Q

popliteal fossa

A

posterior depression of knee

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11
Q

grastrocnemius

A

cav

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12
Q

abdominopelvid regions (9 region method)

A 
right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar (right lateral abdominal)
umbilical
left lumbar (left lateral abdominal)
right inguinal (right iliac)
hypogastric
left inguinal (left iliac)
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13
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants (4 region method)

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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14
Q

location of the appendix (both region methods)

A 
right inguinal (right iliac)
right lower quadrant
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15
Q

Body cavities

A

posterior

anterior

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16
Q

posterior cavities

A 
cranial cavity
vertebral canal (spinal cavity)
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17
Q

anterior cavities

A

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

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18
Q

radiography/x-rays

A

high-energy radiation that can penetrate living tissues. Creates and image with radio dense tissues appearing white and less dence grey/black

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19
Q

CT/CAT scan

A

computerized axial tomography

imaging technique that reconstructs the 3D structure of the body

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20
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

employs a magnetic field and radio waves to portray subtle structural differences

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21
Q

inspection

A

general and local inspection of the body.

largest amount of information can be gained

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22
Q

palpation

A

used of hands/fingers to feel the body.
sense temperature, underlying structures, sensitive spots
normal understanding of anatomy is essential

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23
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the body to determine the density of underlying tissues

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24
Q

auscultation

A

listening to body sounds, usually with a stethoscope

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25
Q

keratin

A

type of protein in epithelial cells causes cells to become tough and water resistant
presence eventually leads to cell death

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26
Q

nonkeratinized

A

abrasion protection, will dry out unless kept moist

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27
Q

function of simple squamous epithelia

A

gas exchange
diffusion
blood vessel permeability

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28
Q

function of stratified squamous epithelia

A

protect against abrasion and dehydration

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29
Q

areolar connective tissue

A

found below epithelium in most parts of the body. made up of mostly fibroblasts with elastic and collagenous fibers

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30
Q

Specific locations of areolar connective tissue

A

papillary layer of the dermis
around organs
blood vessels

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31
Q

function of areolar connective tissue

A

cushion, strength, elastic, support

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32
Q

adipose connective tissue

A

has modified fibroblasts which store fat and thus become swollen, pushing the nucleus to the edge of the cell
widely distributed throughout the body (around heart, skin, ect)

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33
Q

function of adipose connective tissue

A

cushion, insulation, store energy, heat production

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34
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

irregularly arrange collagenous fibers. contains fibroblasts and a few elastic fibers
reticular layer of dermis

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35
Q

functions of dense irregular connective tissue

A

inconsistant pattern lends strength and support in many directions

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36
Q

elastic fibers stain this way, collagen fibers stain this way

A

dark

light

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37
Q

Carilage

A

a supporting connective tissue. made up of chondrocytes surrounded by a semisolid gel-like matrix.

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38
Q

where do the chondrocytes reside

A

lacunae

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39
Q

T/F: cartilage has a good blood supply

A

F, it is avascular

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40
Q

Layers of epidermis (deep to superficial)

A 
Stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
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41
Q

Layers of dermis (deep to superficial)

A

hypodermis (below the dermis)
reticular (bot 4/5) dense irregular connective tissue
papillary (top 1/5) loose connective tissue

42
Q

Another name for stratum basale

A

stratum germinativum

43
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer
single layer of cells
attached to basal lamina
contains melanocytes

44
Q

stratum spinosum

A

kerotinocyte differenetiation occurs
several layers thick
development of desmosomes
langerhans cells are present

45
Q

stratum granulosum

A

last layer cells contain a nucleous
producing large amounts of keratin and kerathyalin
excretions form watertight layer

46
Q

stratum lucidum

A

only found in thick skin (soles/palms)

glassy layer

47
Q

stratum corneum

A

multiple layers of flattened dead keritinocytes
relativly dry and water resistant
not water proof however
permits slow water loss through insensable perspiration

48
Q

carotene

A

orange/yellow pigment

49
Q

melanin

A

black
brown
yellow/brown pigment

50
Q

thin vs thick skin

A

think has very thick stratum corneum and presence of stratum lucidum

51
Q

Dermis contains (7)

A 
blood vessels
nerve fibers
sebaceous glands (sebum or oil)
sudoriferous glands (sweat)
hair follicles and hair
arrector pili muscle
tactile receptors
52
Q

Blood vessels (dermis)

A

located in both the papillary and reticular layer

supply nutrients to the tissues of the dermis and epidermis

53
Q

nerve fibers (dermis)

A

common in papillary layer of dermis

54
Q

sebaceous glands (dermis)

A

secrete onto hair follicles, skin surface

55
Q

two types of sudoriferous glands (dermis)

A

apocrine

eccrine (merocrine)

56
Q

apocrine sudoriferous glands (dermis)

A

larger, limited distribution
viscous secretion
influenced by hormones
possible communitcation

57
Q

eccrine sudoriferous glands (dermis)

A

smaller wide spread distribution
thin secretions controlled by nervous system
thermoregulation and secretion

58
Q

3 types of hair (dermis)

A

vellus
terminal
intermediate

59
Q

vellus hair

A

peach fuzzhairs

60
Q

terminal hair

A

heavy, deeply pigmented, sometimes curly

61
Q

intermediate hair

A

hairs that change in distribution

hairs of the upper and lower limbs

62
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

ribbion of smooth muscle
extends from papillary dermis to connective tissued around follicle
causes hair to stand up

63
Q

4 types of tactile receptors (dermis)

A

Pacinian corpuscle
meissner’s corpuscle
ruffini corpuscle
merkel cells (epidermal)

64
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A 
laminated corpuscle
sensation of pressure and vibration
initial deep contack and high frequency vibrations
fast adapting
located in reticular layer of dermis
large and laminated
65
Q

meissner’s corpuscle

A

tactile corpuscle
found where sensitivites are extremely well developed
sensation = pressure, vibration
respond to initial contact, low frequency vibrations
papillary region of dermis

66
Q

ruffini corpuscle

A

sensation of deep pressure
responds to stretch/distortion of the dermis
smaller and slightly superficial in the reticular layer of the dermis

67
Q

merkel cells

A 
located in stratum basale
also known as tactile disks
sensitive to fine touch and pressure
tonically active
highly sensitive, narrow receptive fields
68
Q

osteon

A

whole tree trunk structure

69
Q

osteonic canal names

A

osteonic/haversian/central canal

70
Q

osteonic canal

A

center of the trunk

contains blood/lymph vessels and nerves

71
Q

perforating (volkmann’s canals)

A

run perpendicular to central canal to connect all osteons

72
Q

lamellae types

A

concentric

interstitial

73
Q

concentric lamellae

A

rings of bone tissue in the tree

74
Q

interstitial lamellae

A

bone tissue not included in the rings of the tree

75
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell

maintains the bone matrix

76
Q

lacunae

A

osteocytes rest in these

means “little lake”

77
Q

canaliculi

A

processes that connect from cell to cell in the bone

78
Q

function of the bone/skeletal system

A 
protect
support
lever for movment
blood cell production
storage of minerals
79
Q

classification of bones (pg 131, read)

A 
flat bones
sutural bone
pneumatized bone
long bones
irregular bones
sezemoid bone
short bones
80
Q

yellow marrow

A

adipocytes

81
Q

red marrow

A

blood cells

stemcells

82
Q

Maxillary bone strutures (8)

A 
maxillary sinuses
palatine processes (palatal)
alveoli
alveolar processes
teeth
inferior orbital fissure
incisive foramen
infra-orbital foramen
83
Q

incisive foramen

A

nasopalatine nerve

84
Q

infra-orbital foramen

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN5)

85
Q

Palatine bone structures

A

greater palatine foramen
horizontal plate
perpendicular plate

86
Q

zygomatic bone structures

A

temporal process of the zygomatic bone

zygomatic arch

87
Q

lacrimal bones structures

A

nasolacrimal canal

88
Q

nasolacrimal canal

A

located towards the anterior/inferior portion of the lacrimal bone

89
Q

Nasal bones

A

paired bones that make up the bridge of the nsoe

90
Q

vomer

A

forms bottom half of nasal septum

91
Q

Nasal septum

A 
composed of (top) perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and (bottom) vomer
cartilage section is formed from hyline cartilage
92
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

most inferior projections on the lateral surfaces of the nasal opening

93
Q

Structures of the mandible bone

A 
ramus
condylar processes
coronoid processes
alveoli
alveolar processes
mandibular foramina
mental foramina
94
Q

condylar processes

A

articulate with mandibular fossa of the squamous region of the temporal bone
most posterior process

95
Q

mandibular foramina

A

inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular division of CN 5)

96
Q

mental foramina

A

Mental nerve (mandibular division of CN 5)

97
Q

Hyoid bone structures

A 
greater cornua (horns)
Lesser cornua (horns)
98
Q

Hyoid bone characteristics

A

attachment point for muscles that is neither a facial or cranial bone

99
Q

greater cornua

A

on the ends of the hyoid bone

100
Q

lesser cornua

A

proccesses on the anterior surface (fanglike)

101
Q

clinical considerations on page 20

A

okay

Anatomy Lab (12 decks)

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