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Fall 2015 > Physiology Ex 1 - Body Compartments > Flashcards

Physiology Ex 1 - Body Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What is pathophysiology?

A

How disordered physiology results in illness, and how the body reacts with molecular, cellular and systemic responses that are the signs and symptoms of the disease

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2
Q

What are:

monovalent cations

divalent cations

monovalent anions

A

monovalent cations: +1 charge (H+, Na+)

divalent cations: +2 charge (Ca++, Mg++)

monovalent anions: -1 charge (Cl-, OH-)

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3
Q

Which are the fluid compartments of the body?

A

Intracellular fluid

Extracellular fluid (interstitial, blood plasma)

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4
Q

Which are the lipid compartments of the body?

A

Cell membranes

Adipose tissues

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5
Q

What is the percentage of total body water for a person?

A

60%

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6
Q

What is the percentage of total body weight of the body compartments?

A

Intracellular fluid: 40%

Extracellular fluid: 20% (interstitial fluid: 16%, plasma: 4%)

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7
Q

What is the fraction of total body water of the different compartments?

A

Intracellular fluid: 2/3

Extracellular fluid: 1/3

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8
Q

Epithelial compartments produce specialized environments (i.e: Blood vessel endothelium: plasma; blood-brain barrier: cerebrospinal fluid)?

T/F?

A

True

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9
Q

Epithelial compartments may produce excretory products (i.e.: Kidney: renal filtrate (urine), Lacrimal glands: tears)?

T/F?

A

True

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10
Q

What is the total body water volume of a 70kg, 25 year-old normal healthy male?

A

42L

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11
Q

What is the intracellular fluid volume of a 70kg, 25 year-old normal healthy male?

A

28 L

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12
Q

Define:

pH

A

-log[H+]

or

log(1/[H+})

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13
Q

What is:

Physiological pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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14
Q

Define:

Acidosis

A

High H+

pH < 7.35

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15
Q

Define:

Alkalosis

A

Log H+

pH > 7.45

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16
Q

Define:

Hypernatremia

A

High Na+

17
Q

Define:

Hyponatremia

A

Low Na+

18
Q

Define:

Hyperkalemia

A

High K+

19
Q

Define:

Hypokalemia

A

Low K+

20
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The regulation of the internal environment within a normal physiological range

21
Q

What is the normal range of glucose in the blood?

A

70 - 99 mg/dL

22
Q

What does the endothelium of the capillaries do?

A

Keeps proteins inside the plasma

23
Q

How do ions cross the plasma membrane?

A

Via ion channels and other transport proteins

24
Q

Is Potassium concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

A

inside (it diffuses out)

25
Q

Is Sodium concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

A

outside (it diffuses in)

26
Q

Is Calcium concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

A

outside (it is pumped in)

27
Q

Is Chloride concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

A

outside

28
Q

In diffusion there is a net movement of molecules ____ a concentration gradient.

a) up
b) down

A

down

29
Q

Which is the law of diffusion?

A

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

Diffusion rate = -P A (C2 - C1)

where

P = permeability of the membrane and is affected by membrane resistance, thickness, size and solubility of the molecule (bigger = slower), and temp (hotter = faster)

A = surface area

(C2 - C1) = concentration gradient across the membrane (higher gradient = faster diffusion)

30
Q

Cells specialized to absorb molecules have?

A

Microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption (which has a glycolayx tp trap nutients, protext against toxic substances, or adhere to substances and enhance uptake)

31
Q

Define equivalents

A

Molar equivalents. Unit of electrical charge. The equivalent of a substance is the amount of the substance multiplied by its valence.

32
Q

Define covalent

A

Sharing electrons between the atoms.

33
Q

Define ionic

A

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

34
Q

Define anion

A

Negative charged ion

35
Q

Define cation

A

Positive charged ion

36
Q

Define amphipathic

A

Molecule containing both polar (water soluble) and non-polar (non-soluble) portions

37
Q

Define polar

A

Water soluble. Has dipole moment

38
Q

Define non-polar

A

Non-water soluble. No dipole moment

Fall 2015 (25 decks)

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