Physiology Ex 1 - The Cell Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
Define plasma membrane
The plasma membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of ling cells, physically separating the intracellular components from the intercellular components.
Define cytoplasm
The thick solution that fills each cell and surrounds its organelles
Define cytoskeleton
The intracellular matrix that supports cell shape and function
Define centrioles
A small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way. There are 9 groups of microtubules.
Nucleus and Nucleolus
The nucleolus is the nuclear subdomain that assembles ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear organizer regions of chromosomes, which contain the genes for pre ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) serve as the foundation for nucleolar structure
Define Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER is a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Define Gogli Apparatus
The Golgi is a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involced in secretion and intracellular transport.
Define secretory vesicles
The secretory vesicle is a vesicle that mediates the vesicular transport of cargo - e.g. hormones or neurotransmitters - from an organelle to specific sites at the cell membrane, where it docks and fuses to release its content.
Define mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae)
Define Lysosomes
Organneles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Define Peroxisomes
Small, membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism such as catabolizing fatty acids
Define Proteasomes
Protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.
Label the cell components:
What is the cell composition? Percentage of cell mass of each of the following:
- Water
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
- Ions
- Water - 70-85%
- Proteins - 10-20%
- Carbohydrates - 1-3%
- Lipids - 2%
- Nucleic Acids - < 1%
- Ions - < 1%
