otology

Question 1

what is Cass?

Answer 1

he is a neurologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, surgeon, scientist, teacher, life mentor, husband, gay, also straight, father, and likes purple ties.

Question 2

pars tensa and pars flaccida

Answer 2

find a fancy picture. in words, lower left is the tensa, upper right in the flaccida

Question 3

cholesteotoma

Answer 3

skin infection in the parse flacida

Question 4

epidemiology of hearing impairment

Answer 4

16% of adults 20-69yrs
2/1000 infants
by age 75, 40%
4th most prevalent major chronic disability

Question 5

effects of hearing impairment

Answer 5

failure to develop speech, decreased quality of life, depression, anxiety, lower economic success, perceived as having greater disabilities

Question 6

audiogram components

Answer 6

pure tone audiogram, 250hz-8000hz contained in normal speech, hearing level on db scale to determine intensity require for person to hear a given frequency.

Question 7

bone conduction

Answer 7

sound transmitted through bone

Question 8

air conduction

Answer 8

sound transmitted through air

Question 9

word recognition score

Answer 9

ability of patient to hear and process speech. so important, pay attention to this score.

Question 10

down sloping

Answer 10

look it up

Question 11

rising

Answer 11

look it up

Question 12

flat loss

Answer 12

look it up

Question 13

unilateral loss

Answer 13

hearing loss in one ear, ie meningioma, schwanoma, neuroma

Question 14

types of hearing loss

Answer 14

conductive, sensory, neural

Question 15

conductive hearing loss

Answer 15

collapsed ear drum, will result in change between bone and air conduction - air bone gap. Loss of air conduction, and will be on the exam. dont fuck this up.

common causes:
otitis media - ear infection
tympanic membrane perforation
cholesteatoma
otosclerosis
congential aural atresia

Question 16

sensory hearing loss

Answer 16

loss of cilia hair cells - presbycusis (getting old), noise trauma (Metallica concert), ototoxicity (drugs), genetics

Cass dreams of curing this with his magical powers

Question 17

Neural hearing loss

Answer 17

8th cranial nerve issues, auditory neuropathy, multiple sclerosis (demyelinate the nerve). Think tumors and nerve compression.

asymmetric haring loss is a give away for neural hearing loss. The audiogram will reveal this.

Question 18

presbycusis

Answer 18

gradual hearing loss associated with age. loss of threshold sensitivity, have speech comprehension issues, also loss of central auditory comprehension.

Question 19

noise exposure

Answer 19

notch in hearing around 400hz, think trauma. Gun shots, industrial noise, kids with loud headphones. 8hrs at 80db, 4hrs at 90db.

Question 20

ototoxicity

Answer 20

apoptosis mediated mechanism. aminoglycosides commonly cause this (these are antibiotics).

Asprine appears to help preserve hearing in combo with amiogycosides

Question 21

most common environamtnal cause of hearing loss at birth

Answer 21

CMV in utero

Question 22

syndromic group of hearing loss

Answer 22

autosomal recessive, connexin 26 (gap junction), accounts for 50% of these cases.

Question 23

sensory hearing loss

Answer 23

endolyphatic hydrops, its an infammatory something from somewhere happening in some place.

the endolymph compartment is expanded. causes vertigo, fully ear feeling, loss of hearing, and high car payments.

Question 24

disorder in inner ear homeostasis

Answer 24

systemic metabolic disorder, diabetes, hypothyroidism, renal failure, artheriosclerosis.

immune system-related - lupus, cogans, sarccoidoisis.. and more look that up!!!

Question 25

flocculus

Answer 25

part of cerebellum responsible for eye movement.

Question 26

treatment of sensorineural hearing impairment

Answer 26

air conduction hearing aids
implantable hearing aids
cochlear implants
assistive listening devices
speech and language training