posterior eye

Question 1

retina

Answer 1

light sensitive tissue - comes from neuroectoderm

Question 2

choroid

Answer 2

vascular layer. uvea (iris, cilliary body, choroid)

Question 3

macula

Answer 3

central part of retina

Question 4

fovea

Answer 4

central part of macula

Question 5

peripheral retina

Answer 5

periperal vision. ora serrata - termination of retina.

Question 6

pars plana

Answer 6

potential entry point into eye

Question 7

neurosensory layer

Answer 7

photoreceptors, inner layer of retina. rods - night vison. cones- color.

bipolar cells - connect photo receptors to ganglion cells.
ganglion cells transmit signals to optic nerve

Question 8

pigment epithelium

Answer 8

photoreceptor metabolism, outer layer.

Question 9

retinal nervefiber layer

Answer 9

gangiol axon pathway across retina

Question 10

central retinal artery

Answer 10

branch of opthalmic, and supplies retina.

Question 11

subretinal hemorrhage

Answer 11

blood behind retina. looks like a big dark spot

Question 12

dot blot

Answer 12

little specs of heme, common in diabetes

Question 13

flame/splinter hemorrhage

Answer 13

hypertension and diabetes

Question 14

preretinal hemorrhage

Answer 14

boat-shapped

Question 15

vitrous hemorrhage

Answer 15

snow globe

Question 16

yellow things

Answer 16

hard exudate. lipids and cholesterol leaking into retina

drusen - soft flufffy - macular degeneration

cholesterol embolus - plaque in artery.

Question 17

white things

Answer 17

cotton wool spot - ishemia, diabetes and hypertension

branch artery occlusion - large occlusion

Question 18

brown

Answer 18

mole

Question 19

black

Answer 19

pigment or retinal scar

Question 20

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 20

number one cause of blindness in working aged people

non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy - micro aneurysms, macular edema (hard exudates)

proliferative type - neovascularization, fibrovavularization. Lots of new vessels growing off optic disk. New vessels bleed into vitrous humor, traction retinal detachment - pull on retina.

Question 21

hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 21

vasoconstriction, arteriosclerosis.

narrow vessels, copper wire appearance, av nicking.

Question 22

acute hypertenive retinopathy

Answer 22

all the hemorrhages. retinal, macular edema, exudate, optic disk inflammation

Question 23

vascular occlusion

Answer 23

related to htn, stoke, small hemorrhages.

vein related to htn, artery related to stroke (cherry red spot).

Question 24

macular degeneration

Answer 24

related to age. the number one case of blindness. being white, female, old, and smoking all increases risk.

characterized by drusen, atrophy, hyperpigmentation.

Question 25

exudative/wet amd

Answer 25

leads to vision loss. choroidal neovascularization. hemorrhage. gray area due to scaring.

Question 26

vitreous cavity

Answer 26

80% of eye, col2, hyaluronic acid. Shrinks with age

Question 27

posterior vitreous detachment

Answer 27

can pull and tear retina.

Question 28

choroid pathology

Answer 28

uveitis - inflammation
choroid nevus
tumors - melanoma is common primary intraocular

Question 29

big cup to disk?

Answer 29

glaucoma.

Question 30

papilledema

Answer 30

bilateral optic disk swelling due to increased cranial pressure