42 - Nasal Cavity, Nasopharynx

Question 1

Cartilage in the nose

Answer 1

Lateral cartilages
Septal cartilage
Alar cartilages

Question 2

Bony parts of nose

Answer 2

Frontal bone above nasal bones superiorly

Frontal process of maxilla laterally

Question 3

Bones that make up roof of nasal cavity

Answer 3

Ethmoid bone.

Sphenoid bone makes up deepest part of nasal cavity roof

Question 4

Shape of ethmoid bone in a coronal plane

Answer 4

M-shaped.

Forms roofs, lateral walls of nasal cavity

Question 5

What separate two halves of nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Ethmoid bone, vomer (vomer is more inferior)

Question 6

Openings of nasal cavity

Answer 6

Anterior and posterior nares

Question 7

Effect of breaking ethmoid bone (EG with a bad nose break)

Answer 7

Rinorrhoea (leakage of CSF from breaking meninges)
Bleeding
Infection

Question 8

Part of nasal cavity not lined by mucous membrane

Answer 8

Vestibule (lined by skin and hair).

Question 9

Two broad divisions of medial nasal mucosa

Answer 9

Olfactory area (with first order sensory nerves from olfactory bulb)
Respiratory area (ciliated surface)

Question 10

Role of cilia of respiratory area of nasal mucosa

Answer 10

Beat towards vestibule.

Move mucus out of nose

Question 11

Surface feature of lateral walls of nasal cavity

Answer 11

Turbinate bones: superior concha, middle concha, inferior concha

Question 12

Concha which is formed by its own bone

Answer 12

Inferior concha

Question 13

What makes up the superior and middle conchae?

Answer 13

Ethmoid bone

Question 14

Problem with having conchae lining nasal cavity

Answer 14

If inflamed (because have a highly vascularised mucosal lining), can easily block nose

Question 15

Space underneath conchae

Answer 15

Superior, middle, inferior meatus

Question 16

What are contained in the superior, middle and inferior meati?

Answer 16

Openings for the paranasal sinuses

Question 17

Paranasal sinuses
1
2
3
4

Answer 17

Frontal
Ethmoid (in lateral plate of ethmoid bone particularly)
Sphenoid
Maxillary

Question 18

Sinuses that drain downwards into nasal cavity

Answer 18

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

Question 19

Why is sinusitis more associated with maxillary sinus?

Answer 19

Maxillary sinus opening into nasal cavity is high up on medial wall of sinus.
Doesn’t drain with gravity into nasal cavity, so difficult to clear.

Question 20

Where is the opening of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 20

Middle meatus

Question 21

Orifice of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 21

In the inferior meatus

Question 22

Drainage of tears

Answer 22

Lacrimal gland above eye makes tears

Drain through nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus

Question 23

Medical term for a nose bleed

Answer 23

Epistaxis

Question 24

Blood supply of posterior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)

Answer 24

Spheno-palatine artery (a branch of the external carotid).

High pressure artery.

Question 25

Blood supply of superior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)

Answer 25

Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries (branches of ophthalmic artery)

Question 26

Blood supply of inferior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)

Answer 26

Greater palatine artery. | Also supplies roof of the mouth, travels through a hole in the hard palate, into nose

Question 27

Blood supply of anterior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)

Answer 27

Lateral nasal branches of facial artery

Question 28

Nerve supply of the nasal cavity

Answer 28

Anterior-superior part innervated by ophthalmic division of trigeminal (anterior ethmoidal nerves, nasociliary nerve). Posterior-inferior part innervated by maxillary division of trigeminal (greater, lesser palatine nerves).

Question 29

Divisions of the pharynx

Answer 29

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Question 30

What forms larynx?

Answer 30

Muscular sling around the back of the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx

Question 31

Muscles forming sling for pharynx

Answer 31

Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. | These join posteriorly at the median raphe.

Question 32

Attachment of the superior constrictor

Answer 32

Buccinator

Question 33

Attachment of the middle constrictor

Answer 33

Hyoid bone

Question 34

Attachment of the inferior constrictor

Answer 34

Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 35

Superior border of the nasopharynx

Answer 35

Sphenoid bone

Question 36

Inferior border of the nasopharynx

Answer 36

Uvula

Question 37

Location of adenoids

Answer 37

Roof of the nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)

Question 38

Where is the opening of the auditory tube?

Answer 38

Lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Question 39

Name for muscle that is internal pharyngeal muscle that attaches to auditory tube

Answer 39

Salpingopharyngeus

Question 40

Effect of salpingopharyngeus contraction

Answer 40

Opens auditory tube.