4.2 Organisation Flashcards
(114 cards)
What are cells in terms of organisation?
The basic building blocks of all living organisms
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function
What are organs?
Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions
What is the function of enzymes?
Catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site.
What do digestive enzymes do?
Digestive enzymes convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into bloodstream
What do carbohydrase break down? And what into?
Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates to simple sugars
What is amylase?
Amylase is a carbohydrase which breaks down starch into sugar (maltose)
What do proteases do?
Proteases break down proteins to amino acids
What do lipase do?
Break down lipids to glycerol and fatty acids
What are the products of digestion used for?
To build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Some glucose is used in respiration
Where is bile made?
In the liver
Where is bile stored?
The gall bladder
What is the function of bile?
It is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloride acid from the stomach. It also emulsified fat to form small droplets which increase the surface area. The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat breakdown lipase
Put these in order Tissues Organisms Organ systems Cells Organs
Cells tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms
Meaning of insoluble
Cannot dissolve
Meaning of soluble
Can dissolve
Definition of enzyme
A biological molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction
What is digestion?
The break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed by the body. This is brought about by enzymes.
Where teeth and chewing breaks food into smaller chunks to increase surface area for action by the enzymes
??
What is it
Mechanical digestion
What is the heart?
The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
Where does the right ventricle pump blood?
To the lungs where gas exchanges take place
Where does the left ventricle pump blood?
Around the rest of the body
Name three different types of blood vessel
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by
A group of cells in the right atrium that acts as a pacemaker