4.2.1

Question 1

biodiversity definition

Answer 1

variation that exists in living world, across habitats, species and genes

Question 2

ecological niche meaning

Answer 2

specific role of an organism in its ecosystem

Question 3

species richness

Answer 3

number of different species

Question 4

species evenness

Answer 4

relative abundance of each species

Question 5

how is genetic diversity measured

Answer 5

polymorphic genes are counted (how many different alleles across a genome)

Question 6

random sampling

Answer 6

rng for coords
unbiased
may not cover all the habitat as random

Question 7

opportunistic sampling

Answer 7

conveniently samples organisms
biased as areas are chosen
overestimate of biodiversity

Question 8

stratified sampling

Answer 8

randomly selected proportional samples (for different areas of habitat)
ensures all areas sampled

Question 9

systematic sampling

Answer 9

sample at fixed intervals along line/ belt transects
used along abiotic gradient (e.g. water levels)

Question 10

quadrat

Answer 10

measures %cover or species frequency
can only measure certain organisms, needs flat area

Question 11

other sampling equipment & techniques

Answer 11

sweep net
observation
pitfall trap
pooter (insect hoover)
field guides (to identify)