Caries Microbiology Flashcards
What is Caries?
¡The process of ___ ___ ___ caused by ___ in the presence of ___ ___.
¡How is this different from generalized erosion?
¡The process of localized tooth demineralization caused by bacteria in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates.
¡How is this different from generalized erosion?
What is the primary etiology of caries?
Four Principal Factors
Tooth
Bacteria
Sugar
Time
Caries Risk Factors
- ___ ____
- ___
- ____
- ____
- *
¡Plaque composition
§Acid producing bacterial community
§Biofilm formation
¡Tooth
§Fissure morphology, hygiene
¡Diet
§Carbohydrate intake and frequency
¡Saliva
§Quantity and quality
§pH neutralizing, food clearance
Caries is a____ mediated process, and forms at sites of ___ ___ ___.
Caries is a biofilm mediated process, and forms at sites of high plaque accumulation.
Types of Dental Caries
Enamel
Dentinal
Smooth Surface
Root Surface
Recurrent
Tooth Enamel
___
___
____
____
___
____
Enamel made of __ ___ ___ __ _____
1) ___: gives tooth _______,___organized, arranged ____ to surface of enamel. tightly packed mass of ___.
2) ___: ___ ___ in this, ___ organized
¡Calcium
¡Phosphate
¡Carbonate
¡Other Minerals
¡Amelogenins
¡Enamelin
Enamel made of 2 diff [] of hydroxyapatit
1) rods: gives tooth structural strength, very organized, arranged perpendicular to surface of enamel. tightly packed mass of hydroxyapatite.
2) matrix: rods embedded in this, not as organized
Tooth formation & maintenance
- ¡______
- ___ ___
- ___ ___
- ___ to form ___ ___ at ___ ___
- ¡Saliva
- ____ ___
- ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
¡Ameloblasts
§Create matrix
§Secrete minerals
§Crystallize to form enamel prisms, at neutral pH
¡Saliva
§Maintains pH
§Soluble minerals maintain crystal lattice
Biofilm interaction with Enamel
If ph gets below ___ you get ___
___ dissolves first. Why?
Start to see: ____ which are ____
Eat carbs, they diffuse into biofilm, bact produce acid. Acid is help within the community and starts to drop the pH. If pH gets bbelow 5.5 you get demineralization
Matrix dissolves first. Not as resistant to acid
Start to see whitespot lesions.
That’s very early stage of biofilm demineralization
Interior of demineralized enamel
___ of teeth is ___ __ when you ahve white spot lesions
Remineralize?
Structural integretity of the teeth is still there when you have white spot lesions
White line on right is the saliva trying to remineralize
Caries progression
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
1) no caries
2) white spot lesion
3) enamel penetrated–> decayed surface
4) Decayed tooth with restoration in which lesion has continued to expand
5) mineralization progressed to undermining tooth
6) Fracture
Dentinal caries
Overtime if mineral continues to be lost, the rods will break and thats when you see cavity.
This exposes the dentin
You can start to get dentinal caries
Dentin less mineralized than enamel so process goes faster
Bacteria in Caries
-
¡Streptococci
- ___ ___
- found in __ and __ ___
- includes ___ group
- ¡Lactobaccilli
- ___ caries
- ¡Actinomyces
- ____ caries
- §Possibly____caries
- ¡Veillonella
- §___” with ____
- §Protective or Harmful?
- ¡Streptococci
- §Caries initiation
- §Fissures/smooth surfaces
- §Mutans group
- ¡Lactobaccilli
- §Dentinal caries
- ¡Actinomyces
- §Root caries
- §Possibly dentinal caries
- ¡Veillonella
- §“symbiotic” with S. mutans
- §Protective or Harmful?
Gram Positive Streptococci
- ¡Streptococci
- O2?
- ___ ___ of oral bacteria
- ___ of cultivable bacteria from ___ and ___
- ___ from ___
- ____, adhere to the ___
- ____ complex
- ▪Divided into __ groups
- ____
- ___
- ___
- ___
¡Streptococci
§Facultative anaerobes
§Largest group of oral bacteria
▪50% of cultivable bacteria from saliva and tongue
▪30% from plaque
▪Pioneers, adhere to the pellicle
▪Yellow complex
▪Divided into 4 groups
▪Salivarius
▪Oralis
▪Mutans
▪Milleri
Non-cariogenic oral streptococci
- ¡Oralis group
- §Associated with ___ and ___ ___
- hemolytic
- Species
- ___
- ___
- ___
- ____
- ▪Biovar I prefers __
- ▪Biovar II prefers __
- ▪Biovar I prefers __
- Salivarius group
- Species _____
- Prefers ____
- Found on ____
- Hemolytic
- Associated with ___ and ___ ___
- Milleri group
- ____ ____
- __ hemolytic
- Species
- ____
- ___
- O2
- Found ________
- Associated with
- Commonly found in__ and ___ ____, with ___ __ (___)
- ___ complex
¡Oralis group
§Associated with gingival and enamel heath
§Alpha hemolytic (viridans)
§S. gordonii
§S. sanguis
§S. oralis
§S. mitis
▪Biovar I prefers pellicle
▪Biovar II prefers non-keratinized surfaces (buccal)
▪
▪
Salivarius group
S. salivarius
Prefers keratinized surface
Tongue
Alpha-hemolytic on blood (viridan strep)
Associated with gingival and enamel heath
Milleri group
Opportunistic pathogens
Beta hemolytic
S. constellatus
S. anginosus
Strict anaerobes
Subgingival plaque
Gingivitis
Commonly found in dental and brain abscesses, with other bacteria (polymicrobial)
Orange complex
