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Horse Medicine > Medical colic > Flashcards

Medical colic Flashcards

1
Q

What are medical colics?

A

can be resolvecd with medical treatment
“simple” colic
inflammatory conditions

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2
Q

What can be causes of abdominal pain?

A
  1. distension (fluid, gas, ingesta–obstruct)
  2. pulling on root of mesentery
  3. ischemia or infarction–strangulation
  4. deep ulcers in stomach or intestine (right dorsal colitis)
  5. peritoneal pain (peritonitis)
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3
Q

Do obstructed horses have ischemia/infarction?

A

no, thus are often less systemically sick, no risk of reperfusion industry

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4
Q

What is the name of distension in stomach? in cecum, which are most common (distention)

A

stomach–dilation
cecum–tympany
stomach and cecum most common

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5
Q

What are the most common causes of colic in field?

A

spasm–gas colic

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6
Q

What are the categories of disease (medical)

A
  1. obstruction
  2. distension
  3. spasm
  4. ulceration
  5. inflammation (enteritis, colitis, peritonitis)
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7
Q

Where do spams occur?

A

small intestine or large intestine

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8
Q

What are important features of spasms?

A

no obstruction, no loss of perfusion

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9
Q

Where are ulcers most common

A

in stomach and right dorsal colon

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10
Q

What are causes of medical colic in teh stomach

A
  1. gastroduodenal ulceration
  2. distension
  3. obstruction
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11
Q

What are causes of medical colic in the small intestine

A

duodenitis-proximal jejunitis
ileus
spasm

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12
Q

What are causes of medical colic in the large intestine?

A

gas accumulation (tympany)
impaction
colitis

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13
Q

What are causes of medical colic in the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

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14
Q

What are non-GI causes of “colic”

A 
mesenteric abscess
ovarian tumor, abscess, hematoma
parturition
uterine artery rupture
liver disease
ruptured bladder (foal)
urinary tract, renal dz
pleural dz
laminitis
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15
Q

What are causes of esophageal obstruction?

A

primary obstructions–in esophagus

secondary impactions–other masses

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16
Q

What factors predispose to primary impactions?

A 
simple choke
prior trauma
dental abnormalities
wolfing of food
diverticulum
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17
Q

What is a big concern with choke?

A

the esophageal if damaged it tends to heal with strictures! or with diverticula–risk of recurrent chocke

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18
Q

What are causes of secondary impactions?

A

foreign bodies
masses
acquired or congenital anomalies

19
Q

How is esophageal obstruction treated?

A

gentle lavage, endoscopy

20
Q

what is the biggest complication of choke?

A

aspiration pneumonia

21
Q

What can happen is esophageal obstruction not recognized in time?

A

esophageal rupture, causes swelling of the neck area

22
Q

What are signs of esophageal choke?

A 
anxious
neck extended
gag, retch
forthy nasal discharge bilateral
look this up
23
Q

gastric ulcers in foals are caused by what?

A

poor perfusion of stomach

24
Q

What are risk factors for gastric ulcers?

A
  1. stress
  2. transportation
  3. high grain diet
  4. stall confinement
  5. intermittent feeding
  6. intense exercise
  7. racing
  8. illness
  9. management changes
  10. NSAID use
25
Q

What are clinical signs of gastric ulcers?

A
  1. acute colic
  2. recurring colic
  3. excessive recumbency
  4. poor BCS
  5. partial anorexia
  6. poor performance
  7. attitude changes
  8. frequent stretching to urinate
  9. chronic diarrhea
26
Q

Where are the two big locations for gastric ulcers?

A 
squamous mucosa
pyloric region (NSAID)
27
Q

What causes pain with stomach distention?

A

the distention of the stomach

28
Q

What happens to the angle of the cardia with stomach distention?

A

the cardia angle gets more closed off. If have trouble getting into the stomach with NG tube, then consider that there is an issue with the stomach–severely gas distended or impacted e.g.

29
Q

Why would you tube a horse with a high heart rate/colic early on?

A

in case of stomach distension–tube to relieve and prevent rupture and if the heart rate decreases, then indicates the heart rate was high due to pain

30
Q

Is ileus usually a primary or secondary problem?

A

secondary

31
Q

What are the features of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis?

A
  1. inflammation
  2. distension and abdominal pain
  3. gastric reflux
    NOT diarrhea
32
Q

Duodenitis–proximal jejunitis is difficult to disinguihs from what? Why is this important?

A

small intestinal strangulation, which needs sx!

33
Q

How can you differentiate DPJ and SI obstruction?

A

features that are more common in DPJ:

  1. fever–inflam problem–often have inflammatory CBC
  2. severe depression
  3. thickened small intestinal wall on ultrasound, may see motility–different from surgical lesions–realy distended non-motile small intestine
  4. in areas where this is common (SE USA) see disgusting dark red reflux. not seen in canada really
34
Q

What is the etiology of DPJ?

A

not really known
salmonella?
clostridium (difficile, perfringens)
mycotoxins

35
Q

how could you possibly differentiate DPJ and small intestine strangulation on rectal?

A

small intestine strangulation–very distended obvious intestines
DPj–thickened small intestine that can be felt but not as obvious
(this is not always true)

36
Q

How can you differentiate SI strangulation and DPJ on U/S

A

find the right kidney, duodenum is right near it–assess wall thickness

37
Q

What are medical issues of the large intestine?

A
  1. tympany
  2. impaction (cecum, large, small colon)
  3. colitis
38
Q

What are conditions where we worry about cecal impaction? Why do we worry?

A
  1. ocular pain
  2. stall rest–e.g. due to injury
    we worry because often few signs for cecal impaction then it ruptures! (the animal is still passing feces from the large colon)
39
Q

What do you notice on rectal with a cecal impaction or distension?

A

can find ventral cecal band more easily.

40
Q

Why can large colon impactions become surgical?

A

because it is the site of water reabsorption so the impaction becomes drier and drier and the mucosa becomes more friable. worry about rupture as well

41
Q

When does cecal tympany usually occur?

A

secondary due to large intestine impaction or volvolus etc

or primary cecal distension

42
Q

What is the most common colic after gas colic?

A

pelvic flexure impaction because associated with decreased water intake–e.g. fall/winter?

43
Q

How can you diagnose pevlic flexure impaction? What can you not figure out by this method

A

by rectal palpation but cannot figure out how far it extends

44
Q

Why might a horse appear painful when treating pelvic flexure impaction?

A

can feel pain as the impaction is moving (intermittent mild to moderate pain?)

Horse Medicine (14 decks)

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