4.2.2 How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances Flashcards
4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter (19 cards)
What are ores?
They are a compound oxide metal found naturally in Earth’s crust
Why do metals conduct electricity?
Outer shell electrons are delocalized and can carry charge through the metal’s structure
Why do metals have a high melting point
Strong metallic bonding is why lots of energy is needed to break these bonds.
What is a cation?
A positively charged atom
What is an alloy?
A mixture of metals (sometimes with carbon)
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Alloys have different sized particles, making it hard for layers to slide over each other
What happens if too much carbon is added to an alloy
Alloy becomes brittle
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron. An ion has positive or negative charge.
What is an empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.
/ An empirical formula shows he simplest ratio of elements in a compound
Describe what happens, in terms of electrons, when a magnesium atom reacts with chlorine atoms to produce magnesium chloride
Magnesium has two outer shell electrons, while Chloride lacks an electron to get a full outer shell. To bond, you need two chloride and one magnesium ion.
Describe the structure of ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds can have a giant lattice structure where oppositely charged ions are held together by strong forces
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Type/Energy/Strength
The strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions require a lot of energy to break. This means lots of thermal energy is needed to break the bonds.
True or False: Ionic substances conduct electricity when they are a solid state symbol
False, because the ions are fixed in place and cannot move freely.
True or False: Ionic substances conduct electricity when they are dissolved/aqueous
True, because the ions can still move freely and can carry charge
True or False: Ionic substances conduct electricity when they are liquid/molten
True, because the ions can move freely, allowing for electricity to be conducted.
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten as ________ are free to move.
“ions”
Why do ionic compounds tend to be soluble?
The water molecules can pull ions apart and surround them, making the ions spread out
What is a nanoparticle?
Nanoparticles are extremely small particles, sometimes from dissolved solids
The _______ ______ dissolves in the __________ to become a ________ and together the __________ and _________ becomes a __________.
The soluble solid dissolves in the solvent to become a solute and together the solute and solvent becomes a solution.
