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Social 8 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Black Death

A

When millions of Europeans died of the Black Plague between 1346 and 1350

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2
Q

Feudalism

A

The system of political organization during the middle ages in which the lord owned the land and all others served him

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3
Q

Hierarchy

A

A social system in which status is ranked, and power is concentrated in the higher ranks

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4
Q

Manor

A

a piece of land sometimes called a fief

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5
Q

Nobles

A

Royalty; people who earn their position by birth

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6
Q

Serfs

A

Peasants who worked the land for the lord and were not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s permission

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7
Q

Freemen

A

Peasants who rented land or worked for pay

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8
Q

Monastery

A

Buildings and land in which monks lived and carried out their religious duties

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9
Q

Guild

A

An association of people with similar interests or pursuits; especially a medieval association of merchants

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10
Q

Journeymen

A

A person who has learned a trade and joined a guild

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11
Q

Apprentice

A

A tradesman who is training with a guild

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12
Q

Rural

A

Country or Farmland

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13
Q

Urban

A

City or Town

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14
Q

Revolution

A

Members of lower power overthrow higher power

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15
Q

Sumptuary Law

A

Laws that controlled consumption or how people spent their money

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16
Q

Renaissance

A

Cultural rebirth of classical art

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17
Q

Tithe

A

A portion of crops or percentage of earnings paid to the church

18
Q

During the middle ages, much of European society was organized in a system called ___________.

A

Feudalism

19
Q

What is the order of the ‘pyramid’ in medieval country life?

A
20
Q

What did the manorial system look like?

A
21
Q

What are 8 things peasants had to do if they wanted to stay on the manor?

A

1) Build roads
2) Clear forests
3) Any work the Lord ordered
4) Cultivate strips of land
5) Give a portion of what they produced to the Lord
6) Pay a tithe to the church
7) Couldn’t leave the manor without the Lord’s permision
8) Plow hay
9) Plant/ harvest crops

22
Q

What are 2 reasons a peasant would want to stay on a manor?

A

1) Guaranteed crops/farmland
2) Get protection from the knights

23
Q

What are the 3 things feudalism is based on?

A

Land, loyalty, and duty

24
Q

Why was the church a large land owner?

A

Becasue they recieved land from the crown

25
Q

How was life for women on manors difficult?

A

They had to cook, clean, and prepare meals while pregnant and woking the fields

26
Q

What oppurtunities did towns offer serfs?

A
  • Freedom and new oppurtunities
  • They could do as they wish
  • Marry whom they pleased
  • Make money as they could
  • Move freely
  • Women could inherit property
27
Q

How could a peasant become a journeyman?

A

Had to escape for a year and a day from the manor and trade with a guild

28
Q

What are 3 ways women lived different in a town than on a manor?

A
  • They could work at a trade
  • Go to school if they had lots of money
  • Become masters of craft
29
Q

How long did the feudal system last?

A

About 700 years (Started in the Roman Empire and lasted until the Black Plague Outbreak)

30
Q

What is the 100 years war?

A

A series of conflicts between England and France (lasted almost 100 years)

31
Q

What caused the peasants to revolt in 1337?

A

High rents and taxes to support the war

32
Q

Between what years did the Black Plague occur?

A

1346-1350

33
Q

What was the bad part about the Black Death?

A
  • 2/3 of people died
  • Many feudal estates went bankrupt
  • Labour shortages
  • Regular outbreaks for the next several hundred years
34
Q

What are 5 positives of the Black Death?

A

1) Nobles that were able to keep their manors rented ot to serfs
2) Serfs were released from their obligations to the lord
3) Bonds that held the feudal society together were slowly coming undone
4) Peasants had the option to stay on the manor or go to town
5) Freemen could ask more money for their labour than before

35
Q

As towns grew, what happened to the use of money?

A

Money came to use more and more

36
Q

How did people move social levels after the Black Death?

A

By gaining wealth or skill

37
Q

What are 4 ways a person culd show off their wealth?

A
  • Makeup
  • Fancy fabrics (velvet, silk, etc.)
  • Jewels
  • Dress your servants in fancy clothing
38
Q

What is the heirachy of the church?

A
39
Q

Where could you send your children if you wanted them to have an excellent education?

A

To become priests or nuns

40
Q

In what country did the Renaissance begin?

A

Italy

41
Q

What are the names of 3 famous people people of the renaissance and what did they do.

A

1) Leonardo da Vinci-Painted the Mona Lisa and was an architect, inventor, engineer, and painter
2) Martin Luther-Leader of the Protestant church and translated the bible to German
3) Christine de Pisan-Wrote that women should be allowed more fully in society

Social 8 (7 decks)

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