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Physiology I > Lecture 9 - Overview of Circulation > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Overview of Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial P range

A

80-120 mmHg

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2
Q

Systemic capillary pressure range

A

10-35 mmHg

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3
Q

Systemic circulation P at the vena cavae

A

0 mmHg

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4
Q

Pulmonary systolic P

A

25 mmHg

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5
Q

Pulmonary diastolic pressure

A

8 mmHg

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6
Q

What “propels” blood forward during diastole?

A

Elasticity of arteries

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7
Q

What part of the circulatory system acts as “control conduits” by changing vessel diameter?

A

Arterioles

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8
Q

The functional portion of the circulatory system where nutrient/waste exchange occurs.

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

Act as a “blood reservoir”

A

Veins

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10
Q

Give blood distribution (%) in systemic circulation

A

64% veins
13% arteries
7% arterioles/capillaries

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11
Q

Give blood distribution (%) in pulmonary circulation

A

9% lungs

7% heart

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12
Q

Formula for blow flow in circulation.

A

V=F/A

V-velocity
F-blood flow
A-cross sectional area

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13
Q

Blood flow to tissues is precisely controlled according to tissue needs. This is accomplished by _____.

A

Changing the diameter of the muscular arterioles

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14
Q

Cardiac output is determined by the sum of all tissue flow/needs. How is this accomplished?

A

By the heart’s response to tissue needs (primarily through SNS/PNS control)

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15
Q

What are the two major, rapidly occurring mechanisms for increasing pre-load during hypotension?

A
  • constriction of skeletal m. compresses veins (skel m. Pump)
  • construction of arterioles

Kidneys increase BP after continued hypoTN and take time to do so

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16
Q

What two variables primarily determine blood flow?

A
  • pressure gradient (P1-P2: between vessel ends)

- resistance (controlled by changing vessel diameter)

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17
Q

Flow through a vessel formula

A

F=(P1-P2)/R

18
Q

The two “functional parts” of the circulatory system.

A

Pulmonary and systemic circulation

19
Q

Smooth (“streamlined”) blood flow.

A

laminar

20
Q

Along what area (center of vessel or outer edges of vessel) is blood flow velocity greater?

A

center (less turbulent)

21
Q

This is rough (or “eddy current”) blood flow

A

turbulent

22
Q

List some causes of turbulent blood flow:

A
  • vessel length is very long
  • blood passes an obstruction/rough surface
  • blood must make sharp turn
23
Q

Turbulent blood flow is measured by what eqiatopm?

A

Reynold’s number

24
Q

Turbulent blood flow is directly proportional to what factors?

A

velocity of flow, vessel diameter, and blood density

25
Q

Turbulent blood flow is inversely proportional to what factor?

A

Viscosity (increased viscosity -> more “sticky” -> decreased flow)

26
Q

What blood component determines blood density?

A

Red blood cell concentration; protein concentration

27
Q

What is meant by “viscosity” of blood?

A

The “stickiness” of blood

28
Q

The tendency for turbulence is measured by _____.

A

The Reynold’s number

29
Q

Turbulence increases with?

A

velocity, blood density, and vessel diameter

30
Q

The tendency for turbulence is inversely proportional to?

A

Blood viscosity

31
Q

Force exerted by blood against a unit area of vessel wall.

A

Blood pressure

32
Q

Pressure difference from systemic arteries to systemic veins

A

100 mmHg (why important?)

33
Q

Constriction of blood vessels strongly _____ resistance; this mechanism of constriction occurs through the _______.

A

increases; sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

Formula for resistance of vessels in parallel

A

1/Rtotal=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3…

35
Q

Formula for resistance of vessels in series:

A

Rtotal=R1+R2+R3…

36
Q

Measure of blood viscosity is called the _____

A

Hematocrit (HCt)

37
Q

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s _____.

A

Internal resistance

38
Q

Blood vessels can undergo autoregulation between what arterial pressures?

A

70-175 mmHg

39
Q

The factors that determine blood flow resistance.

A

Radius, viscosity, length

40
Q

At any time time, our heart contains what % of circulating blood volume?

A

7%

41
Q

At any time time, our lungs contain what % of circulating blood volume?

A

9%

Physiology I (28 decks)

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