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Chem Quest > Quest #2 > Flashcards

Quest #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rules for Sig Fig

A 
#1 All non-zero digits are significant
#2 Any zero that falls b/w two sig digs is also sig
#3 Zeros to the right of the decimal place and to the right of a significant dig are sig.
#4 Zeros to the left of the decimal place are not significant unless the decimal point is explicitly written.
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2
Q

Sig Fig Calculations

A

Mult/Div - The answer to the calculation can only have as many significant digits as the numb. in the calc. w/ the least # of sig digs

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3
Q

Sig Fig Calculations

A

Add/Sub- The answer to the calc. can only have as many decimal locations as the # in the calculation w/ the least # of decimal places.

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4
Q

Order of Operations

A

P.E.M.D.A.S.

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5
Q

Exact Numbers

A

Defined quantities (e.g. Unit conversions, 1cm =1x10-2) and (i.e., counting: 10 chairs) are exact.

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6
Q

Inexact Numbers

A

Any property based on measurement (mass, volume, pressure, density, etc…)
-subject to the rules for sig figs

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7
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass (“weight”) and takes up space (“volume”)

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8
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid- rigid; has a fixed shape and volume
Liquid- take shape to its container and has a definite volume
Gas- no fixed volume or shape, takes shape and volume of its container

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9
Q

Compounds

A

Elements which bond together to form compounds, constant composition no matter where they are found.

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10
Q

Mixtures

A

something that has a variable composition.

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11
Q

Pure Substance

A

-substances that will always have the same composition

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12
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

a mixture which is same throughout.

ex. salt in water

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13
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

regions of a mixture are not the same throughout

ex. sand in water

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14
Q

Physical Property -substance can change with out becoming a new substance

A

physical properties; odor, color, volume, state (gas, liquid, or solid), density, melting point, and boiling point

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15
Q

Chemical Property- ability to change into a diff substance

A

used to describe a pure substance. Refers to its ability to from new substances

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16
Q

Physical Change

A

involves a change in one or more physical properties, but no change in fundamental components that make up the substance. The most common physical changes are changes of state: solidliquidgas

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17
Q

Chemical change

A

involves a change in fundamental components of the substance; a given substance changes into different substance or substances. Also called reactions.
ex. plants growing, wood burning, silver tarnishing

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18
Q

Distillation - a separation process for homogeneous mixtures or pure substances
ex. physical change

A

Filtration- method used for separating a heterogeneous mixture
ex. physical change

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19
Q 
Dalton's Atomic Theory
#1 Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms
#2 All atoms of an element identical 
#3 Atoms of different elements are not the same
A 
#4 Atoms of elements can combine w/ atoms of other elements to form compounds. A compound always has the same relative #'s and types of atoms.
#5 Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes, that is atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. Chemical reactions just change the way the atoms are grouped together.
20
Q

Law Conservation of Mass

A

that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction.

21
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

A given compound always contains the same proportions (by mass) of the elements

  • states of matter can be changed form one for to another
  • mixtures can be separated or made
  • pure substances can be decomposed
  • total amount of mass remains constant
22
Q

Metals

A

Groups 1- some of 16

23
Q

Metalloids

A 
Group 14 - 17 -(stair-step) 
Si-Silicon
Ge- Germanium
As- Arsenic
Sb- Antimony
Te- Tellurium
Po- Polonium
24
Q

Non-metals

A 
Group 13-18
B-Boron
C-Carbon
O-Oxygen
P-Phosphorus
25
Q

Alkali Metals

A 
Group 1
Li- Lithium
Na -Sodium
K-Potassium
Rb- Rubidium
Cs-Caesium
Fr- Francium
26
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals

A 
Group 2
Be- Beryllium
Mg- Magnesium 
Ca- Calcium
Sr- Strontium
Ba- Barium
Ra- Radium
27
Q

Noble Gases

A 
Group 18 
He- Helium
Ne- Neon
Ar- Argon
Kr- Krypton
Xe- Xenon
Rn- Radon
28
Q

Halogen

A 
Group 17
F- Flourine
Cl-Chlorine
Br- Bromine
I- Iodine
At- Astatine
29
Q

Chalogen

A 
Group 16
O-Oxygen
S- Sulfur
Se- Selenium
Te- Tellurium 
Po- Polonium
30
Q

Transition Metals

A 
Group 3-12
Ex.
Ag- Silver
Au-Gold
Cu- Copper
Mn- Manganese
Cr- Chromium
31
Q

Atomic Structure

Electron

A

Rel. Mass: 1

Rel. Charge 1-

32
Q

Atomic Structure

Proton

A

Rel Mass 1836

Rel Charge 1+

33
Q

Atomic Structure

Nuetron

A

Rel Mass 1839

Rel Charge none

34
Q

Atomic Structure

Nucleus

A

Small dense center of positive charge in an atom.
Contains Protons and Neutrons
Nucleus is then surrounded by electrons

35
Q

Atomic Number (top of Sym)

A

Identifies the number of protons in a nucleus

36
Q

Atomic Mass (bottom)

A

sum of the # of nuetrons and the # of protons in a given nucleus.

37
Q

Isotopes

A 
atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. A/Z X 
A-atomic mass
Z- # of protons, atomic #
X-Elemental symbol 
i.e.
23/11 Na versus 24/11 Na
38
Q

Diatomic

A

molecules made up of two atoms
ex. H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen
F-Flourine

39
Q

Ion

A

a neutral atom; added or removing one or more electrons

ie. Na-> Na+ + e-

40
Q

Anion

A

when electrons are gained by a neutral atom, an ion with a negative charge is formed
Cl+ e- –> Cl-
O+ 2e- –> O2-

41
Q

Cation

A

a positive ion, produced when one or more electrons are lost from a neutral atom
Mg–> Mg2+ 2e-

42
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A

charged entities composed of several atoms bound together.
ex.
OH- Hydroxide
CN- Cyanide

42
Q

Solution - homogeneous mixture

A

Distillation -method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components

43
Q

Filtration

A

a tech. Used to either remove a solid impurity from an organic solution or to isolate a organic solid

44
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. It consists of atoms all having the same atomic number

45
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

Describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion.

Chem Quest (9 decks)

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