Chem Lab Final

Question 1

Kinectics

Answer 1

study of how fast reaction rates occur

Question 2

Chemical Change

Answer 2

one or more different properties, the original substance has been transformed to another new substance

Question 3

Physical Change

Answer 3

Does not change any properties but the state of the sample of matter is different.

Question 4

Chemical Reaction

Answer 4

-if a change in properties can be detected

Question 5

Mass- Action Types

Answer 5

Combination- A+B=C
Decomposition: A-> B+C
Displacement (Single): A+BC -> B+AC
Exchange (Double Displace) : AB+CD –> AD +CB

Question 6

Product- Formation Type

Answer 6

• Gas-Forming -gas is formed
• Precipitation - When a solid is formed in a reaction
• Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)- G.E.R, L.E.O
• Nuetralization (Acid-Base)- Acid +Base = product and H2O
• Combustion- Oxygen and Energy is a product, H20 typically a product

Question 7

Solubility Rules -soluble (aq)

Answer 7

Group 1 and Ammonium (NH4)
Nitrates, NO3
Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides- Ex with Ag, Hg2(2+), Pb(2+)
Sulfates, SO4(2-) Except for those in Group 2
Chlorates& Perchlorates (ClO3(-) , ClO4(-)
Acetates, CH3COO(-)

Question 8

Solubility Rules -insoluble (s)

all are insoluble except those of Group 1 and NH4 (Ammonium)

Answer 8

Phosphates, PO4(3-) ; Carbonates, CO3(2-); Hydroxides, OH(-); Oxalates, C2O4(2-); Sulfides, S(2-)

Question 9

Balancing Equations
PRACTICE
wkbook or prelab activity

Answer 9

Balance oxygen or hydrogen, whichever one is present in the combined state. Leave until last whichever one is present in the uncombined state. 6. Check that the equation is balanced by counting the number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation.

Question 10

Ionic Compounds

Answer 10

-have electrolytes- free ions in solution

Question 11

Molecular Compounds

Answer 11

stays in tact- seperated but not broken, no free ions- no charge- no electricity conducted

Question 12

Polyatomic Ions
Ammonium NH4(+)
NO(-), SO(2-), PO(3-)
Hydroxide OH(-)
Cyanide CN(-)
Carbonate CO3(2-)
Oxalate C2O4(2-)

Answer 12

Acetate (C2H3O2(-) or CH3COO(-)
Permanganate MnO4(-)
Chromate CrO4(2-) & Dichromate Cr2O4(2-)
Hypochlorite CIO (-)
Chlorite CIO2(-)
Chlorate ClO3(-)
Perchlorate ClO4(-)

Question 13

Factors that influence Reaction rates (kinetics)

Answer 13

Concentration of reactants, temperature and the presence of a catalyst.

Question 14

For a reaction to occur (Kinetics)

Answer 14

Reactants must collide effectively and then combine to form new substances.
-The greater the number of particles (the high the concentration) and the higher the temp. (the more rapid and more energetic the motion of the particles), the faster the reaction.

Question 15

Kinetics Lab (General Idea)

Answer 15

To manipulate and observe the effects of temperature and concentration on reaction rates (or kinetics)

Question 16

Saponification

Answer 16

The process of making soap.

Question 17

Two main ingredients to making soap:

Answer 17

1) A fat or oil (i.e. Tallow or Coconut oil) TRIGLYCERIDES

2) Base so NaOH or KOH

Question 18

What is the purpose of adding sat. NaCl solution to a soap solution?

Answer 18

The purpose is to form a precipitate, which does this by making the soap solution more polar which forces the Sodium out.

Question 19

Why is ethanol added to the soap-forming reaction mixture?

Answer 19

The ethanol acts as the surfactant which helps the oil bond to the H2O

Question 20

A byproduct is formed when prepping the soap.

Answer 20

Glycerol builds up during the procedure.

Question 21

Why did we wash the filtered soap?

Answer 21

To push out the Na - Sodium leaving behind the precipitate.

Question 22

Water aspirator

Answer 22

detach the tubing before turning off the water so that the leftover water doesn’t get sucked into the tube.

Question 23

Why is soap made with Coconut Oil softer?

Answer 23

Because the chain of carboxylic acid is shorter making it softer.

Question 24

Acid (H+ concentration

Answer 24

a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.

Question 25

Strong Acid

Answer 25

Completely dissolves in dissociation

Question 26

Base (OH- concentration)

Answer 26

a chemical sub. that neutralizes acids, turns litmus paper blue

Question 27

Ph and acidity depends on

Answer 27

1) the type of material it is
2) its concentration
3) the degree of dissociation

Question 28

Strong Base

Answer 28

Completely dissolves in dissociation

Question 29

Nuetral

Answer 29

Acid- base reactions neutralize but ph 7 is nuetral (Ie pure water)

Question 30

Acids and Akalis the ph scale

Answer 30

8-10 : Akaline Bases -
12 Ammonia
14 drain cleaners
9 baking soda

0-6 Acidic 
0 battery acid
1 stomach acid
3 soda
5 black coffee

Question 31

Acid Base indicators are…

Answer 31

Litmus Paper and ph paper

Litmus (red to blue -base) (blue to red- acid)

Question 32

NaOH -Strong base

Answer 32

HCl -strong acid

Question 33

phenolphthalein

• colorless in acidic solutions
• pink in basic

Answer 33

is a chemical compound with the formula C₂₀H₁₄O₄ and is often written as “HIn” or “phph” in shorthand notation. Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations.

Question 34

Motives for Junk Science

Answer 34

• fit and agenda
• gold and glory
• build a bureaucracy (power)
• Political motives

Question 35

How to avoid junk science

-follow the money

Answer 35

submit to a medical journal where a panel will review the science.

Question 36

Junk science in current society

Answer 36

E-cigs and crazy wrap things