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DPT Biomechanics > Principles > Flashcards

Principles Flashcards

1
Q

T or F ‘z’ is positive to the person’s right

A

T

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2
Q

which directional plane is positive anteriorly (direction of forward progression for gait)

A

x

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3
Q

what axes form the frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical (y) and mediolateral (z)

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4
Q

what axis does frontal plane motion rotate about?

A

x axis (anteroposterior)

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5
Q

Transverse Plane is formed by

A

the anteroposterior (x) and mediolateral (z) axes

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6
Q

what axis does motion in the transverse plane rotate about

A

vertical

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7
Q

sagittal plane is formed by

A

the vetical (y) and antero-posterior (x) axes

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8
Q

motion in the sagittal plane rotates about which axis

A

mediolateral (z) axis

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9
Q

what is kinematics? example?

A

description of motion

displacement, velocity, acceleration

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10
Q

what is kinetics?

A

description of forces

forces, moments

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11
Q

what is translation?

A

linear kinematics

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12
Q

what is angular displacement measured in?

A

theta. degrees

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13
Q

what is true about linear and angular motion regarding human movement

A

it’s usually a combination of the two

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14
Q

What’s the difference between external and internal forces?

A

external - forces acting on the body (gravity, a weight in hand)
internal - forces acting inside the body (muscle force, passive constraints)

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15
Q

what is the moment arm defined as

A

perpendicular distance between line of action of the force and the axis of rotation

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16
Q

hyper/hypo-mobile, smooth/jerky is an example of which kind of description of movement

A

Qualitative

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17
Q

The standard for 3-dimensional analysis is

A

y (vertical)
x (anteroposterior)
z (mediolateral)
International Society of Biomechanics standard

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18
Q

T o F Scalar Quantities can only add quantities of the same units

A

T

19
Q

which quantity have magnitude AND direction

A

vector

20
Q

mass is a

A

scalar

21
Q

weight is a

A

vector (mass x gravity)

22
Q

distance is a

A

scalar

23
Q

displacement is a

A

vector

24
Q

point at which the entire mass of an object can be considered to be located

A

COM

25
Q

Balance point for an object

A

center of gravity

26
Q

Where is the Whole Body COM

A

S2

27
Q

Newtons 1st Law

A

object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced external force. object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced external force

28
Q

When is something in Static equilibrium

A

when the sum of the forces = 0

29
Q

Newtons Second Law

A

sum of Forces = ma

30
Q

Newtons third law

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

31
Q

collinear force system

A

forces act on the same segment

tug of war

32
Q

concurrent force system

A

lines of action are at angles to each other

33
Q

First Class Lever

A

See-Saw

external force and internal force on opposite sides of fulcrum

34
Q

Second Class levers

A

wheelbarrow

fulcrum and internal force on opposite side of the external force

35
Q

third class levers

A

fulcrum and external force on opposite sides of internal force

36
Q

which lever is very common in the body

A

third class

37
Q

What happens when you multiply a vector by a scalar

A

get a vector

38
Q

How do you decrease stability

A

decrease base of support (BOS) and move COM further from BOS

39
Q

To determine the stiffness of a tissue from its stress-strain curve, I would

A

calculate the slope in the linear (elastic) portion of the curve

40
Q 
Which of the following is not a primary component of connective tissue?
fibrous proteins
blood vessels
ground substance
cell
A

blood vessels

41
Q

GAG molecules have a negative charge. What important effect does this have on the ground substance of connective tissue?

A

the molecules are hydrophilic and attract water into the tissue

42
Q

When a biological tissue is loaded quickly, we would expect it to respond with a _______ response than when it is loaded slowly.

A

stiffer

43
Q

To effectively stretch a biological tissue, you must be in the _____ region of the load-deformation (stress-strain) curve

A

plastic

DPT Biomechanics (6 decks)

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