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HD&T > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes

A

the relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, causing glucose intolerance.
fasting sugar > 126 mg/dL

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2
Q

what are the fasting levels of glucose for prediabetics

A

100-125mg/ gl

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3
Q

what are the sx of diabetes

A

polydipsia and polyphagia
plyuria
Unexplained weight loss

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4
Q

what does insulin do

A 
Anabolic hormone.
promotes glucose and aa thought membranes of:
skeletal
smooth 
cardia muscle cells
fibroblasts
FAT CELLS
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5
Q

What cells are not affected by insulin

A

neurons
Kidney
RBCs

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6
Q

What are the features of type I diabetes

A

Insulin requiring; no natural insulin
Young and thin
Loss of islet beta cells due to auto immune process most likely viral infection.
Ketoacidosis-dehydration. deep labored breathing due to acidosis
nausea
coma

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7
Q

What is the term for increase urination

A

Polyuria

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8
Q

What is the term for increased thirst

A

Polydipsia

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9
Q

What is the term for increased hunger

A

Polyphagia

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10
Q

What are the actions of Insulin:

A 
Glycogenolysis
Lypolysis
Increased conversion of aa to glucose
Increased protein synthesis
Increased glucose transport.
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11
Q

Insulin synthesis

A

proinsulin (small peptide) converted to insulin and protein C
Half life is 3-5 min.

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12
Q

where age Glut-2 receptors found

A

ß cells

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13
Q

Where are Glut-4 receptors found

A

Muscle and fat cells

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14
Q

name of rapid acting Insulin

A

Lispro
Aspar
Glulicine
4 hr duration

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15
Q

name of short acting insulin that lengthens duration

A

Novolin, often combined with NPH

Peak 2-3 hrs

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16
Q

What is NPH

A 
neutral protein hagedorn.
Immediate acting
Delay action due to link to peptide protamide
Becoming less popular 
Onset 2-15 hrs, 
Duration 4-12 hrs.
17
Q

What are two background insulin drugs

A

Glargine; long lasting sustained insulin

Determir.

18
Q

What are the side effects of hypoglycemia (too much insulin)

A 
Tachycardia
Perspiration
Tremors
Hunger
comfusion
Seizures
Coma

HD&T (19 decks)

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