#1 Adolescent Growth and Development

Question 1

How do Sex hormones affect Endochondral growth?

Answer 1

They stimulate cartilage growth and an even greater increase in transformation of cartilage to bone!

Question 2

The adolescent growth spurt begins ______ years earlier in females than in males.

Answer 2

1.5-2 years earlier

Question 3

What is a good/convenient way to determine an individuals position on the growth curve, when evaluating them for orthodontic treatment?

Answer 3

Secondary sexual characteristics

Question 4

What indicates the beginning and end of the growth spurt for males?

Answer 4

Beginning = growth
end = Pigmented facial hair and mature voice.
*5 year duration

Question 5

What indicates the beginning and end of the growth spurt for females?

Answer 5

Beginning = breast development
End = Menarche
*3+ year duration

Question 6

What are some alternate ways to the determine growth status?

Answer 6

• Hand/Wrist radiographs
• Cervical Vertebral Maturational stage (CVMS) *Stage 6 = most concave vertebrae
• Serial radiographs with superimposition = “GOLD STANDARD”

Question 7

The Mandibular growth curve reflects the ________.

Answer 7

General growth curve

Question 8

The Maxillary growth curve is most like the ______.

Answer 8

Neural growth curve

Question 9

What does it mean that facial growth is Differential?

Answer 9

It means that different structures grow at different rates.

Question 10

Describe differential Jaw Growth…

Answer 10

• Mandible grows more and longer
• Mandbile more prominent
• Profile becomes less convex with growth.

Question 11

What is the sequence of growth in the 3 dimensions?

Answer 11

1. Width stops before Length, which stops before Height.
2. Width stops before growth spurt except:
   - Alveolar arches widen in the area of molar eruption.
3. Length and height increase through puberty.
4. Height of Face grows longer than length due to vertical growth of mandible.

Question 12

What is the order of permeant teeth eruption?

Answer 12

• Max. and Mand. 1st molars, Mand. centrals = 6 yrs
• Max. centrals and Mand. laterals = 7 yrs
• Max. laterals = 8 yrs
• Mand. Canine, Max and Mand 1st premolars
• Max. and Mand. 2nd premolars, Max. canine = 11 yrs
• 2nd molars = 12yrs

Question 13

Permanent incisors lie _____ to primary incisors.

Answer 13

Lingual

Question 14

What is Incisor liability ?

Answer 14

The fact that permanent incisors are 2-3.5mm wider per quadrant than primary incisors

Question 15

______ eruption of permanent (maxillary) incisors increase arch width across canines.

Answer 15

Labial Eruption

Question 16

Where are the Primate spaces located?

Answer 16

Max: medial of canine
And: distal of canine

Question 17

Mandibular Canines erupt ________ and move _______.

Answer 17

Buccally

Distally

Question 18

What are the solutions for incisor liability?

Answer 18

• Developmental and primate spacing
• labial eruption of permeant (maxillary incisors)
• Distal repositioning of canines in mandible

Question 19

When does the “ugly duckling” Central diastema phase occur?

Answer 19

After central eruption, but before Lateral erupt and close diastema.

Question 20

What is Leeway space?

Answer 20

The difference in M-D width between primary canines/molars and perm. canines/pre-molars.

Question 21

________ move into leeway space.

Answer 21

Permanent molars

Question 22

If anterior crowding is present in primary teeth, when should you send patient to see orthodontist?

Answer 22

Before primary 2nd molars exfoliate

Question 23

What is E-space?

Answer 23

Difference in M-D width between 2nd molars and perm. 2nd premolars.

Question 24

A mesial step can become a ________.

Answer 24

Class I occlusion

Question 25

A flush terminal plane will most likely become a _______

Answer 25

Class II occlusion

Question 26

A distal step will most likely become a ______.

Answer 26

Class II occlusion